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CEREMONIES 




ATTENDING THE UNVEILING 



OF THE 



Washington Monument 



ERECTED IN FAIRMOUNT PARK 



AND 



PRESENTED TO THE CITY OF PHILADELPHIA 



State Society of the Cincinnati of 
Pennsylvania 



Saturday, May 15th, 1897. 



Fi ss 



PRESS OF 

ALLEN, LANE & SCOTT, 

PHILADELPHIA. 



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INTRODUCTORY. 



INTRODUCTORY. 

The history of the monument to General Washington, 
erected by the State Society of the Cincinnati of Penn- 
sylvania, in Fairmount Park, and presented to the city 
of Philadelphia on May 15th, 1897, is a story fraught 
with much interest. In this place, however, merely an 
allusion may be made to it. The speakers who took part 
in the unveiling and the incidents connected therewith, 
and whose remarks follow, covered the subject generally. 
As prefatory, it is only of moment to give a brief descrip- 
tion of the monument. In 1877 designs were asked for 
and several were submitted; that of Prof. Rudolph Siemer- 
ing, of Berlin, was selected. During the progress of his 
work the artist changed some of the details shown in the 
original design. As it now stands, a description may be 
summarized as follows: — 

From an oblong platform, six feet six inches high, of 
Swedish granite, reached on four sides by thirteen steps, 
symbolical of the thirteen original States, rises a pedestal 
bearing an equestrian statue in bronze of General Wash- 
ington. The Father of his Country is represented in the 
colonial uniform of the American Army, a large military 
cloak being thrown artistically around his commanding 
figure. The horse is in the act of moving, having one 
front foot raised. Washington holds in his right hand 
the reins; in his left a spy glass. At the four corners of 
the platform are fountains, served by allegorical figures 
representing four rivers, the Delaware, Hudson, Potomac, 
and Mississippi. On the sides, each of these fountains is 
guarded by typical American animals, eight in all. At 
the front and back of the pedestal are two allegorical 
groups. That at the front represents America, seated, 
and holding in one hand a cornucopia, in the other a 
trident, and having at her feet chains just cast off. She 



6 UNVEILING OF THE WASHINGTON MONUMENT. 

is in the act of receiving from her victorious sons the 
trophies of their conquest. Below this group is an eagle 
supporting the arms of the United States. The group 
at the back represents America arousing her sons to a 
sense of their slavery. Below are the arms of Pennsyl- 
vania. On the sides of the pedestal are two bas-reliefs, 
one representing the march of the American Army, the 
other an allegory typifying the Western movement of the 
American people. Surrounding the upper portion of the 
pedestal is the legend, "Erected by the State Society of 
the Cincinnati of Pennsylvania." The figures, the bas- 
reliefs, as well as the numerous other ornamentations, are 
of bronze, while the pedestal, &c., are of the same granite 
as the platform. The entire height of the monument is 
about forty-four feet. The ground plan of the platform 
is sixty-one by seventy-four feet, and that of the pedestal 
seventeen by thirty feet. 

On the bas-reliefs are figures representing the following 
Revolutionary characters, indicated by their names cut in 
the bronze: — 

Lincoln, Irvine, Jay, Dickinson, Muhlenberg, Jefferson, 
Franklin, Hamilton, Clinton, Dale, Knox, Sterling, Moul- 
trie, Putnam, Wayne, Steuben, Richard Butler, Lafayette, 
St. Clair, Greene, Schuyler, Kosciusko, and Morgan. 

Other names carved on the bas-reliefs are those of: — 

Sullivan, Kirkwood, Cadwalader, Haslet, Mercer, Mif- 
flin, Varnum, Pinckney, Hazen, Barry, Smallwood, 
DeKalb, Warren, Nash, Rochambeau, Montgomery, 
Biddle, and Paul Jones. 



CEREMONIES 



UNVEILING OF THE MONUMENT. 




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CEREMONIES. 

The unveiling of the monument was attended by 
ceremonies of an impressive and patriotic character. 
The monument was unveiled by His Excellency Will- 
iam McKinley, the President of the United States, in 
the presence of Hon. Garret A. Hobart, the Vice- 
President of the United States, M. Jules Patenotre, 
the Ambassador of the French Republic, Hon. Lyman 
J. Gage, the Secretary of the Treasury, General Rus- 
sell A. Alger, the Secretary of War, Hon. James 
Wilson, the Secretary of Agriculture, Hon. Cornelius 
N. Bliss, the Secretary of the Interior, Hon. James 
A. Gary, the Postmaster-General, and Hon. Joseph 
McKenna, the Attorney-General of the United States, 
John Addison Porter, Esq., the Secretary to the Presi- 
dent, leading officers of the Army and Navy of the 
United States, Hon. Ebe W. Tunnell, Hon. Daniel 
H. Hastings, and Hon. John W. Griggs, the Gov- 
ernors of Delaware, Pennsylvania, and New Jersey 
respectively, the General Assembly of Pennsylvania, 
Hon. William L. Strong, the Mayor of New York, 
Hon. Charles F. Warwick, the Mayor of Philadelphia, 
members of the Fairmount Park Commission and 
City Councils of Philadelphia, and other prominent 
State and City officials. Many thousands of citizens 
were interested spectators of the event. 

The ceremonies began shortly after two o'clock in 
the afternoon, upon the arrival of the President, whose 
escort, the First Troop Philadelphia City Cavalry, 
headed a grand military and naval procession, which 
passed the President in review after the unveiling of 
the monument. 

(9) 



lO UNVEILING OF THE WASHINGTON MONUMENT. 

Major William Wayne, President of the State So- 
ciety of the Cincinnati of Pennsylvania and President- 
General of The Society of the Cincinnati, presided at 
the ceremonies at the stand of the Society directly 
opposite the monument. 

PRAYER. 

Right Reverend O. W. Whitaker, the Bishop of 
Pennsylvania, invoked Divine blessings as follows : — 

Almighty and Everlasting God, Who rulest over all 
things from the beginning, in Whom alone we live and 
move and have our being, and from Whom cometh 
every good and perfect gift, we thank Thee for this land 
in which we live, for the nation in which Thou hast 
granted us the privilege of citizenship, for all the favor- 
able conditions of our lives, for the increase of knowl- 
edge, for the better understanding of Thy marvelous 
works, for the manifestations of Thy goodness and pow- 
er, of which the world is full. We thank Thee for the 
government under which we live and for the civil and 
religious institutions in whose benefits we share. 

Especially on this day do we thank Thee for the life 
and character and work of Thy servant, George Wash- 
ington, in whose honor and for the perpetuation of whose 
memory we are here assembled. We thank Thee that 
Thou didst raise him up to be a leader and commander 
in the time when men's hearts were failing them for 
fear, and didst qualify him by faith and integrity and 
wisdom and singleness of purpose to conduct this peo- 
ple out of dissension and strife and conflict into unity 
and peace and the consciousness of increasing strength. 

Grant, we beseech Thee, O Lord, that we may never 
forget the heroism and unselfish devotion which he con- 
tinually illustrated in his public and private life. May 
the citizens of these United States learn to practice his 
virtues and to be animated by his spirit. May they learn 
from him never to sacrifice truth for gain, nor to value 



UNVEILING OF THE WASHINGTON MONUMENT. II 

outward success more highly than inward principle. In 
the sense of growing national greatness may they never 
lose the sense of personal responsibility to Thee nor of 
mutual obligation to each other. May they ever re- 
member that Thou hast made of one blood all nations 
of men to dwell on the face of the earth, and that no 
individual nor nation should be indifferent to the wel- 
fare of any other. 

We pray for Thy continued blessing upon our coun- 
try, upon the President of the United States, the Gov- 
ernor of this State, and all others in authority, that 
they may above all things seek Thy honor and glory 
and strive to do Thy will; upon the Army and the Navy; 
upon the Senate and House of Representatives, and all 
legislative bodies, that all their legislation may be in 
harmony with Thy laws; upon all our institutions for 
the advancement of learning and for promoting the well- 
being of mankind; that all things may be so ordered 
and settled upon the best and surest foundations, that 
quietness and happiness, truth and justice, religion and 
piety may be established among us for all generations. 

And wilt Thou grant, O Lord, to all nations the 
blessings of peace. Hasten the coming of the time when 
cruelty and oppression shall cease throughout the world, 
when nation shall not lift up sword against nation, and 
they shall learn war no more. 

And now, O Lord, wilt Thou direct us in all our doings 
with Thy most gracious favor, and further us with Thy 
continual help; that in all our works begun, continued, 
and ended in Thee we may glorify Thy Holy name, and 
finally, by Thy mercy, obtain everlasting life, through 
Jesus Christ, our Lord, who has taught us when we pray 
to say: Our Father, who art in heaven, hallowed be Thy 
name. Thy Kingdom come. Thy will be done on earth 
as it is in heaven. Give us this day our daily bread, and 
forgive us our trespasses as we forgive those who tres- 
pass against us; and lead us not into temptation, but de- 
liver us from evil, for Thine is the kingdom, and the power, 
and the glory, for ever and ever. Amen! 



12 UNVEILING OF THE WASHINGTON MONUMENT. 



ADDRESS OF THE PRESIDENT OF THE 
SOCIETY. 

At the conclusion of the prayer Major Wayne made 
the following remarks : — 

Fellow-Citizens : — The death of Washington was not 
more keenly felt or more deeply mourned by any body of 
citizens than by his late compatriots in arms, the mem- 
bers of the Society of the Cincinnati, who had followed 
him on the field with varying fortunes, through the 
eight years' struggle for American independence. 

This Society, composed of officers of the Army of the 
Revolution, was organized in 1783, at their cantonment 
on the Hudson River, just prior to its dissolution. Its 
purpose was "to perpetuate as well the remembrance of 
this vast event (the separation of the colonies of North 
America from the domination of Great Britain) as the 
mutual friendships which have been formed under the 
pressure of common danger, and in many instances ce- 
mented by the blood of the parties." 

One of the principles of the Society was: — 

"An incessant attention to preserve inviolate those 
exalted rights and liberties of human nature for which 
they have fought and bled, and without which the high 
rank of a rational being is a curse instead of a blessing. 

"An unalterable determination to promote and cherish 
between the respective States that union and national 
honor so essentially necessary to their happiness and the 
future dignity of the American Empire." 

Washington was chosen its first President and con- 
tinued to hold the ofifice up to the time of his death in 
1799. For convenience the general Society was divided 
into thirteen societies — one in each of the States. 

At a meeting of the State Society of Pennsylvania, on 
July 4th, 1810, it was resolved that "a permanent me- 
morial of their respect for the memory of the late Father 




Washington Monument 
viewed from the east. 



UNVEILING OF THE WASHINGTON MONUMENT. 1 3 

of his Country, General George Washington, should be 
established bv the creation of a monument in the city of 
Philadelphia." 

In furtherance of this design a committee of five mem- 
bers vi^as appointed to invite subscriptions of money 
from the friends of the Society. 

On July 4th, 1819, the committee reported the receipt 
of $337f>-59- 

By careful management of this fund, together with the 
addition to it of another fund collected for the same 
purpose, the Society felt warranted in the year 1877 in 
inviting designs for the monument. This invitation was 
widely published throughout this country and abroad. 

A large number of models were submitted to the So- 
ciety, each one of much merit, but in the opinion of 
those competent to judge the design of Professor Ru- 
dolph Siemering, of Berlin, was most deserving of rec- 
ommendation, and it was adopted by the Society; and 
you have presented to you the fulfillment of the Society's 
resolution of July 4th, 18 10. 

The President, accompanied by Major William 
Wayne, Richard Dale, Francis M. Caldwell, Charles 
Peaslee Turner, M. D., and Harris E. Sproat, Trust- 
ees of the monument on behalf of the State Society 
of the Cincinnati, and Colonel John Biddle Porter, 
Chairman, and William Macpherson Hornor, Secre- 
tary of the Committee of the Society on the unveil- 
ing, crossed the driveway to the steps of the monu- 
ment, where the President pulled a cord which released 
two large American flags with which the monument 
was draped. Amid cheers the monument was un- 
veiled, national salutes were fired by Light Battery 
E, First Artillery, U. S. A., stationed nearby, and by 
the United States war vessels "Texas" and "Terror," 
the French aviso " Fulton," and the United States 



14 UNVEILING OF THE WASHINGTON MONUMENT. 

Revenue cutter " Hamilton," anchored in the Dela- 
ware River. 

ADDRESS OF THE PRESIDENT OF THE 
UNITED STATES. 

Returning to the stand, after being introduced 
by Major Wayne, President McKinley spoke as 
follows : — 

Fellow-Citizens: — There is a peculiar and tender sen- 
timent connected with this memorial. It expresses not 
only the gratitude and reverence of the living, but is a 
testimonial of affection and homage from the dead. 

The comrades of Washington projected this monument. 
Their love inspired it. Their contributions helped to 
build it. Past and present share in its completion, and 
future generations will profit by its lessons. 

To participate in the dedication of such a monument is 
a rare and precious privilege. Every monument to Wash- 
ington is a tribute to patriotism. Every shaft and statue 
to his memory helps to inculcate love of country, en- 
courage loyalty, and estabhsh a better citizenship. God 
bless every undertaking which revives patriotism and re- 
bukes the indifferent and lawless! A critical study of 
Washington's career only enhances our estimation of his 
vast and varied abilities. 

As Commander-in-Chief of the Colonial armies from the 
beginning of the war to the proclamation of peace, as Pres- 
ident of the Convention which framed the Constitution 
of the United States and as the first President of the 
United States under that Constitution, Washington has a 
distinction differing from that of all other illustrious 
Americans. No other name bears or can bear such a re- 
lation to the Government. Not only by his military 
genius — his patience, his sagacity, his courage, and his 
skill — was our national independence won, but he helped 
in largest measure to draft the chart by which the Nation 



UNVEILING OF THE WASHINGTON MONUMENT. 15 

was giaided; and he was the first chosen of the people to 
put in motion the new Government. 

His was not the boldness of martial display or the charm 
of captivating oratory, but his calm and steady judgment 
won men's support and commanded their confidence by 
appeahng to their best and noblest aspirations. And 
withal Washington was ever so modest that at no time 
in his career did his personaUty seem in the least intrusive. 
He was above the temptation of power. He spurned the 
suggested crown. He would have no honor which the 
people did not bestow. 

An interesting fact — and one which I love to recall — 
is that the only time Washington formally addressed the 
Constitutional Convention during all its sessions over 
which he presided in this city, he appealed for a larger rep- 
resentation of the people in the National House of Repre- 
sentatives, and his appeal was instantly heeded. Thus 
w^as he ever keenly watchful of the rights of the people 
in whose hands was the destiny of our Government then 
and now. 

Masterful as were his military campaigns, his civil ad- 
ministration commands equal admiration. His foresight 
was marvelous; his conception of the philosophy of gov- 
ernment, his insistence upon the necessity of education, 
morality, and enlightened citizenship to the progress and 
permanence of the Republic cannot be contemplated even 
at this period without filling us with astonishment at 
the breadth of his comprehension and the sweep of his 
vision. 

His was no narrow view of government. The immedi- 
ate present was not his sole concern, but our future good 
his constant theme of study. He blazed the path of lib- 
erty. He laid the foundation upon which we have grown 
from weak and scattered Colonial governments to a united 
Republic, whose domains and power as well as whose 
liberty and freedom have become the admiration of the 
world. Distance and time have not detracted from the 
fame and force of his achievements or diminished the 
grandeur of his life and work. Great deeds do not stop 



l6 UNVEILING OF THE WASHINGTON MONUMENT. 

in their growth, and those of Washington will expand in 
influence in all the centuries to follow. 

The bequest Washington has made to civilization is rich 
beyond computation. The obligations under which he has 
placed mankind are sacred and commanding. The re- 
sponsibiHty he has left for the American people, to pre- 
serve and perfect what he accomplished, is exacting and 
solemn. Let us rejoice in every new evidence that the 
people realize what they enjoy, and cherish with affection 
the illustrious heroes of Revolutionary story whose valor 
and sacrifices made us a nation. They live in us, and 
their memory will help us keep the covenant entered into 
for the maintenance of the freest Government of earth. 

The Nation and the name of Washington are insep- 
arable. One is linked indissolubly with the other. Both 
are glorious, both triumphant. Washington lives and 
will live, because what he did was for the exaltation of 
man, the enthronement of conscience, and the establish- 
ment of a Government which recognizes all the governed. 
And so, too, will the Nation live victorious over all ob- 
stacles, adhering to the immortal principles which Wash- 
ington taught and Lincoln sustained. 

ORATION BY WILLIAM W. PORTER, Esq. 

William W. Porter, Esq., of the Philadelphia Bar, 
a member of the State Society of the Cincinnati of 
Pennsylvania, the orator of the day, then delivered 
the following oration : — 

The War of the Revolution was over, the victory was 
won, the army was about to disperse, when, on the tenth 
day of May, 1783, proposals for establishing a Society, 
whose members should be officers of the American Army, 
were communicated to the several regiments of the re- 
spective lines. Three days later the Society was organized. 
The motives and purposes were set forth, as follows: — 

"It having pleased the Supreme Governor of the Uni- 
verse, in the Disposition of Human Affairs, to cause the 



UNVEILING OF THE WASHINGTON MONUMENT. 1/ 

Separation of the Colonies of North America from the 
Domination of Great Britain, and after a bloody Conflict 
of Eight Years to establish them free and independent 
sovereign States, connected by Alliances founded on re- 
ciprocal Advantage with some of the Great Princes and 
Powers of the Earth. 

"To perpetuate, therefore, as well the Remembrance of 
this Vast Event as the mutual Friendships which have 
been formed under the Pressure of common Danger, and 
in many Instances cemented by the Blood of the parties, 
the Officers of the American Army do hereby in the most 
Solemn Manner associate, constitute and combine them- 
selves into one Society of Friends, to endure as long as they 
shall endure or any of their Eldest Male Posterity, and in 
failure thereof the Collateral Branches, who may be judged 
worthy of becoming its Supporters and Members. 

"The Officers of the American Army, having generally 
been taken from the Citizens of America, possess high 
Veneration for the Character of that illustrious Roman, 
Lucius Quintius Cincinnatus, and being resolved to fol- 
low his Example by returning to their Citizenship, they 
think they may with Propriety denominate themselves 
The Society of the Cincinnati. 

"The following Principles shall be immutable, and form 
the Basis of The Society of the Cincinnati. 

"An Incessant Attention to preserve inviolate those 
exalted Rights and Liberties of Human Nature for which 
they have fought and bled, and without which the high 
Rank of a Rational Being is a Curse Instead of a Blessing. 

"An unalterable Determination to promote and cherish 
between the respective States that Union and national 
Honour so essentially necessary to their happiness, and 
the future Dignity of the American Empire. 

"To render permanent the cordial Affection subsisting 
among the officers; this Spirit will dictate Brotherly Kind- 
ness in all things, and particularly extend to the most sub- 
stantial Acts of Beneficence, according to the Ability of 
the Society, towards those Officers and their families who 
unfortunately may be under the Necessity of receiving it." 



1 8 UNVEILING OF THE WASHINGTON MONUMENT. 

This statement indicates to our generation tiie high 
and useful purposes for which this venerable Society was 
organized. 

We are amused now at the serious and strenuous ob- 
jections which were raised to it at the time of its organi- 
zation. FrankHn opposed it in a half-serious letter, but 
Samuel Adams believed it a serious menace to the safety 
of the new-born nation. He saw in it an hereditary mili- 
tary nobility, and, while the ofificers themselves might 
act discreetly, he feared that their descendants might, 
"when they perceived that the multitude had grown dizzy 
with long gazing, go much further and take to themselves 
much more than the pageantry of nobility." John Adams 
was also seriously opposed to the Society, and earnest 
efforts were made to have it legally suppressed. Member- 
ship, in some of the States, meant loss of the rights of 
citizenship. Happily these fears and prophecies have not 
been realized. 

On the fourth day of October, 1783, the State Society 
of the Cincinnati of Pennsylvania was organized at a meet- 
ing held at the City Tavern in Philadelphia. 

On the fourth of July, 1810, the members assembled 
in the State House in Philadelphia and unanimously adop- 
ted the following preamble and resolution: — 

"To establish a permanent memorial of their respect 
for the memory of the late father cf his country. General 
George Washington, by the erection of a monument in 
the city of Philadelphia, has long been the wish of those 
who are desirous of perpetuating the recollection of his 
virtues. 

"Anxious to promote the execution of a work which 
shall at once do justice to the subject and confer credit 
upon the State which erected it, 

"This Society resolves, That a Committee be appointed 
to prepare a plan for raising, by subscription, such sums 
of money as they shall deem sufficient for the purpose of 
erecting a monument to the memory of General Wash- 
ington. That the plan, when prepared, shall be submitted 



UNVEILING OF THE WASHINGTON MONUMENT. 1 9 

to the Standing Committee, and, when approved by them, 
be carried into effect." 

The Committee, then appointed, and their successors, 
procured subscriptions for the purpose. The fund, being 
meagre, was carefully invested and allowed to accumu- 
late until it was deemed sufficient to warrant proceeding 
with the preparation of the memorial. 

In this connection it is right to record that a fund was 
started by certain public-spirited citizens of Philadelphia 
on the first day of October, 1824, for a similar purpose. 
This, proving too small for the erection of a worthy mon- 
ument, was subsequently, by an order of court, turned 
over to the custody of the Society. It was merged with 
the fund of the Cincinnati, and has aided in making pos- 
sible the admirable memorial to-day unveiled. 

What shall be said of this Washington to whose mem- 
ory we do honor? Certainly no new thing. All has 
been well and often said. This sketch purports to be a 
study, not a portrait. It assumes to challenge recollec- 
tion, not to be a new likeness. It is intended to suggest, 
not to depict. With this thought in mind we may regard 
Washington in his triune character. 

A statesman — omniscient, pure, whose mind conceived 
and whose deeds created a free, popular government. 

A soldier — self-sacrificing, fearless, whose sufferings 
and courage saved the cause of freedom from defeat. 

A man — silent, potent, whose spirit brooded over the 
new-born nation and influenced its development and 
character. 

The sources of information respecting Washington, the 
statesman, are ample and reliable. Demonstration of his 
greatness were easy. 

He was the responsible head of an experiment in gov- 
ernment. No precedent gave him guidance. His pur- 
poses were deep laid; his foresight marvelous. Naught 
that has since been a good or a peril to the national Hfe 
escaped his consideration and prophecy. Knowing his 
hold upon the people, he used it to induce obedience to 



20 UNVEILING OF THE WASHINGTON MONUMENT. 

legislative and executive authority. To the dignity of a 
nation's chief he added the conduct of a republican citi- 
zen. His state papers display strength of purpose, clear- 
ness of meaning, and simplicity of diction. The earliest 
years of the nation's life were beset with many disorders. 
Unremitting watchfulness and care were then peculiarly 
needed. These were so given that its maturer years of 
strength and happiness were assured. 

Proofs of these statements taken from dusty records 
can have no proper place on such an occasion as this. 
It may, however, be safely asserted that no mind has ap- 
peared before or since that has grasped the principles and 
possibilities of the Republic with more clearness than that 
of the first President. 

The monument unveiled to-day is, however, reared 
not to Washington, the statesman, but rather to Wash- 
ington, the soldier, by an organization formed by his com- 
panions in arms. It would, therefore, seem fitting that 
to Washington, the soldier, our thoughts should be more 
at length addressed. 

A youth was sent out to begin his military career in 
an humble attack on the Indians in Virginia. He was 
defeated. The fighting fire was kindled, never to be 
wholly extinguished. Often it burst forth in the serious 
campaigns in which he afterwards commanded. To im- 
petuosity was added, however, a wise caution, without 
which the scanty and half-equipped armies of the Colonies 
might have many times been inefifectually hurled against 
the superior forces of English soldiery. 

No justice can be done by a civilian in attempted criti- 
cism of his several campaigns. Men of arms of highest 
rank and ability have discoursed upon them. All seem 
to have found in the man that highest power — self-re- 
straint. Impelled by the strength of an ardent personal 
courage — tempted often, by impulse and persuasion, to a 
hazard — he conducted his movements on defensive Hues. 
He never forgot in the heat of irritation the weakness of 
hib following. Possessed of peculiar energy, he schooled 
himself to patience. Animated with intense loyalty, he 




Washington Monument 
viewed from the south. 



UNVEILING OF THE WASHINGTON MONUMENT. 21 

forebore to quarrel with the half-hearted. Followed by 
an army constantly changing in its constituency, he ever 
maintained its integrity and discipline. Soldiery, drawn 
from distinct colonies, he held in accord. Of men un- 
used to discipline and restraint, he made soldiers. Of 
these, some by precept and example, he made heroes; 
some midst starvation and suffering, he made martyrs. 

His staff, little schooled in war, he made personal adher- 
ents and skilled leaders. Between native officers and for- 
eign volunteers he allayed natural but violent jealousies. 
Men seem to have been bound to him by an indissoluble 
bond of admiration for his virtues and of respect for his 
strength. He was filled with patriotism for a nation 
which had not yet a being. He fought with no national 
support, moral or financial. An aristocrat, with every- 
thing to lose, he was ready to hazard all for human liberty 
and equality. 

He led to battle without the feudal ligament of chief- 
tainship, and without the power to reward in spoils. He 
fought wholly without the desire for personal power. As 
a victor he rejected kingship and sought retirement. 

If this estimate of his motives and conduct be just, 
no other name in any time can be found entitled to equal 
veneration and honor. He was only possible under a 
Christian civilization of which he was the product. 

He exemplified an unique patriotism. He evinced an 
unparalleled devotion to duty. He possessed and exer- 
cised a personal influence more dominating as a moral 
factor than any man of any time. 

Egypt's brilliant conquests, succeeded by deepest deg- 
radation, depended on her kings. The mighty Pharaohs 
ruled a nation of serfs and led to battle a horde of mer- 
cenaries. Chaldea, Assyria, Babylonia furnished great 
oriental conquerors who built up empires in Asia, which 
successively crumbled to decay. Their wars were for ac- 
quisition of territory. 

Then rose the great Persian Empire, that sought the 
enslavement of Greece. This half century of war gave 
to the world a Miltiades, a Leonidas, a Themistocles. 



22 UNVEILING OF THE WASHINGTON MONUMENT. 

Athens erected at Marathon a monument to victory. But 
Aliltiades, the hero, fell into disgrace and smirched a fame 
otherwise the most replendent in Grecian story. Leon- 
idas died at Thermopylss in obedience to Spartan law, 
which made retreat impossible. Themistocles, the hero 
of Salamis, clever and brave, was unscrupulous, and died 
exiled from Athens, a pensioner at the court of the Per- 
sian king. 

Alexander the Great, descendant of the Hellenic race, 
was swayed by personal ambition alone. His military 
genius created an empire extending from Greece to In- 
dia. A few years, and with his death ended the empire. 
Neither Macedonia nor Egypt, with able commanders, 
statesmen, and scholars, can furnish a name that does not 
pale before that of Washington. They, ruthless in war, 
despotic in peace, aimed at territorial aggrandizement 
and absolute personal power. He, in war and in peace, 
sought only the establishment and welfare of a free 
people. 

Many names are recorded in the catalogue of Rome's 
heroes in the epoch-making period of her history. All 
are dimmed by Cjesar's triumphs. Great as a general, 
lord of the Roman world, he wore no crown, yet pos- 
sessed absolute power. His military genius, his profound 
political sagacity, his wise reforms and vast projects, 
make his name luminous. But no love of country nor 
devotion to principle inspired him. His genius, courage, 
wisdom, and statecraft served but a personal ambition — 
the dominating motive of all the great leaders of the 
ancient world. 

With what hero of feudal times can Washington be 
compared? The soldier and the saint of the Crusades, 
Richard, "the Hon-hearted" of England, and Louis IX. 
of France are still heroes of romance; Wallace and Bruce 
are still household names in Scotland; the Black Prince's 
crest and motto are still borne by England's Crown 
Prince; Florence and Venice remember with pride their 
de ]\Iedicis and their Doges. They, one and all, differ 
from Washington in that he was a man peculiar in a pa- 



UNVEILING OF THE WASHINGTON MONUMENT. 23 

triotism for a nation that, as yet, was not! — a leader of 
men struggling for a principle rather than a country; for 
the right rather than for power; for liberty rather than 
for territory. 

The Renaissance of Southern Europe became the Ref- 
ormation in the sterner North. The great religious 
wars of the seventeenth century were fought out by the 
forefathers of the American colonists. Their sons, wearied 
with persecution, sought in America an asylum. The 
seed of the martyrs yielded harvest in men to whom a 
principle, religious or political, was a vital thing. Loyal 
colonists of the mother country, they felt the reactionary 
effects of the great Continental wars of the later seven- 
teenth and early eighteenth centuries. 

Richelieu's policy of absolutism and aggrandizement, 
as means of advancement to France, had been carried 
out by his successors; Louis XIV's great wars, tend- 
ing to destroy the balance of power in Europe, had 
raised up in opposition such heroes as the Prince of 
Orange in Holland and Marlborough in England, to be 
followed in turn by Frederick the Great of Prussia, whose 
indomitable courage and inflexible perseverance raised 
Prussia to be ranked with the great powers of Europe 
and laid the basis of German unity. But Frederick 
never emulated in virtue and patriotism the hero of Mon- 
mouth and Yorktown. Life and treasure were freely ex- 
pended. He crushed his enemies, maintained his power, 
but sullied his fame by his share in the partition of Poland. 
His aims and motives were selfish. His character was 
without the firmness of moral principle which made 
Washington not only the first soldier, but the loftiest 
character of his country. 

In the light of time passed since the death of Wash- 
ington, two characters gleam out challenging comparison 
with his. 

When Washington died Napoleon was entering upon 
his masterful career. As a soldier of the highest genius, 
he was worshiped by the French people, holding their 
hearts in his hand. Rising from the lower ranks he 



24 UNVEILING OF THE WASHINGTON MONUMENT. 

became an emperor with unlimited powers. He gave to 
the French, fame as soldiers and added to the French 
territory. He was like Washington in his success and 
his popularity, unlike him in all else. Ambition, personal 
fame, the motive in the one; lofty principle, self-renun- 
ciation in the other. Death in exile for the one; death 
while held in highest honor for the other. 

A hero is recorded in living memories, and in American 
history written and being written. When the nation 
created by Washington was in danger of disruption and 
civil war was upon the United States, a great soldier was 
needed. The occasion called forth the man. A cam- 
paign totally different from those of the Revolution was 
impending. With a strongly organized nation behind him 
a man was found who knew not how to temporize, re- 
treat, or delay — a silent man who, with blows of a smith, 
drove the enemy before him until the strife was over. 
Grant was the military genius of his age and the saviour 
of the nation that recently at his newly made tomb 
mourned him dead as they loved and honored him living. 
It must not, however, be forgotten that Grant had, to 
support him, an organized and powerful nation and — a 
Lincoln, while Washington had neither. 

We have yet to speak of Washington, the man. 

When years have passed and the world has agreed that 
a man is great, the verdict must be accepted. Deeds 
done under the eyes of men for their benefit may create 
a transitory enthusiasm. The same deeds, subjected to 
the discriminating investigation of the historian or of the 
student, may be found to be unworthy of eulogy. Wash- 
ington, both contemporaries and succeeding generations, 
have weighed. In no respect have they found him want- 
ing in all the elements of greatness. He had enemies 
who attacked him. He lived amidst controversies the 
most bitter. His life has been scrutinized in minutest 
detail. Naught has, however, been found to throw doubt 
upon the loftiness of his personal character. His own 
country has not been alone in lauding his virtues. Eng- 
land, his vanquished foe and the unsparing critic of 




Washington Monument 
viewed from the west. 



UNVEILING OF THE WASHINGTON MONUMENT. 2C, 

America and Americans, has joined in the paean of praise. 
At his death the flags of her fleet were lowered in re- 
spect, and France, his quondam ally, joined in the outer 
evidences of grief and gave expression in pubHc cere- 
monies to her appreciation of his virtues. And to-day, 
almost a century after, France, now a sister RepubUc, 
joins hands with us through her distinguished Ambas- 
sador in remembering our national hero. 

He was born an untitled citizen of an unborn nation; 
lived the greatest general and statesman in history; died 
the father of a free people. 

Well does Emerson's definition of greatness describe 
him: "I count him a great man who inhabits a higher 
sphere of thought into which other men rise with labor 
and difficulty; he has but to open his eyes to see things in 
a true light and in large relations, whilst they must make 
painful corrections and keep a vigilant eye on many sources 
of error. * * * He is great who is what he is from 
nature and who never reminds us of others." 

He was in life too able a man not to know his own 
merit. Modesty was, however, one of his prominent 
traits. When John Adams proposed his name to Congress 
as the commander of the American forces in the Revolu- 
tion, Washington accepted the trust, and added: "I beg it 
may be remembered by every gentleman in this room that 
I this day declare with the utmost sincerity that I do not 
think myself equal to the command I am honored with." 

What better evidence can be had of the absence of 
desire for power than the reply Washington gave in 1782 
to some of the officers who proposed to confer upon him 
the title of king. "I am much at loss," said he, "to con- 
ceive what part of my conduct could have given encour- 
agement to an address which to me seems big with the 
greatest mischiefs that could befall my country;" adding, 
"If I am not deceived in knowledge of myself, you could 
not have found a person to whom your schemes are more 
disagreeable." 

Next to worship of deity comes hero worship in its up- 
lift. At all times peoples have loved to exalt and emulate 



26 UNVEILING OF THE WASHINGTON MONUMENT. 

the virtues of their heroes. In a Republican government, 
where no Hmit is set to personal achievement, such a 
monument as that displayed to-day is a national blessing. 
The man, his character, and his work are brought to the 
knowledge both of American youth and of foreign-born 
citizens. This visible evidence of national and lasting 
respect stimulates study and imitation of the hero's vir- 
tues. 

The American of to-day evinces too Httle enthusiasm 
for Washington. To some he is a myth, an unreal man. 
Perhaps the very silence of Washington as to himself may 
be the cause. Well has McMaster said, "General Wash- 
ington is known to us and President Washington, but 
George Washington is an unknown man." The enthu- 
siasm of this occasion indicates that the lack of appre- 
ciation is more apparent than real. He still holds the 
aflfection of the people. While they know little of his 
innermost life, they know enough of his acts to be assured 
that he was a very man — with a man's violence of tem- 
per, a man's love of pleasure and of pageantry, a man's 
dominating will. Doubtless he had faults, but they were 
few, and the knowledge of them draws us nearer to him 
than the mere contemplation of his towering virtues. 

Childless, he died the father of a people who even unto 
this day delight to do honor to the statesman, the sol- 
dier, the man — the highest type of American citizenship. 

PRESENTATION OF THE MONUMENT. 

Major Wayne then formally presented the monu- 
ment to the City of Philadelphia, in the following 
words : — 

Your Honor, Mayor of Philadelphia: —I am in- 
structed by the State Society of the Cincinnati of Penn- 
sylvania to present through you to the City of Phila- 
delphia this work, at last finished, after ninety years of 
preparation. 



UNVEILING OF THE WASHINGTON MONUMENT. 2/ 

This monument certainly finds a fitting place in the 
city where Washington spent many years of his oflficial 
life — the city where was convened the first Continental 
Congress in Carpenters' Hall, and where met in Independ- 
ence Hall the framers of the immortal Declaration, and 
where it was promulgated. Where also the Constitution 
of the United States was formulated in 1787 and 
adopted — an instrument which has been pronounced 
among the most perfect of human productions for the 
government of man. 

You will accept this gift to preserve in the beautiful 
Park of your great city as an object lesson to succeeding 
generations of the reverence and devotion Posterity pays 
to unselfish Patriotism. 



ACCEPTANCE BY THE MAYOR. 

Charles F. Warwick, Esq., Mayor of Philadelphia, 
in accepting the monument on behalf of the munici- 
pality, spoke as follows : — 

My Fellow-Countrymen: — On behalf of the City of 
Philadelphia I accept this monument dedicated to the 
memory of Washington, and pledge the honor of our 
people to its preservation and patriotic care. 

The Nation is under deep and lasting obligations to 
the Society of the Cincinnati, for by this generous gift 
another shrine, where we can all meet on common ground, 
has been erected within the borders of the Republic. 

Philadelphia above all other places in the country is 
where this monument should stand. Historic in asso- 
ciation, national in her patriotism, and American in all 
her purposes, she is the guardian by right of such a 
memorial. 

Here met the first as well as the second Continental 
Congress, here was signed the immortal Declaration, 
here Washington was chosen to take command of the 



28 UNVEILING OF THE WASHINGTON MONUMENT. 

Army of the Revolution, here he presided over the de- 
liberations of the Constitutional Convention of 1787, and 
here, when the first seat of the National Government 
was established, as Chief Magistrate he watched over the 
welfare and directed the course of the new Republic in 
the early and tentative years of her life. 

In and about this city centred the great struggle of 
the Revolution, and every artery in the cause of Inde- 
pendence quivered with the life blood sent out from her 
loyal and throbbing heart. 

The mere mention of the names of Trenton, Prince- 
ton, Monmouth, Brandywine, Germantown, Valley Forge 
shows where the battle raged the fiercest and where the 
conflict was most intense. 

The monument as a work of art is in every way worthy 
the character of Washington; his blessed memory is em- 
balmed in the hearts of his countrymen, and this stone 
and bronze are but a tribute of their love and gratitude. 

Simple in meaning, patriotic in sentiment, artistic in 
its lines, heroic and dignified in its proportions, it silently 
but impressively speaks the generosity of a grateful peo- 
ple. 

The ingratitude of republics has passed into a prov- 
erb, but surely we are an exception to the rule, for 
our Nation has never yet failed to recognize and reward 
those who have faithfully and loyally served her in peril. 

Our sister city. New York, has but recently honored 
in a most impressive manner the fame of the great Cap- 
tain of the Civil War. 

Though Washington and Grant in many particulars 
stand in direct contrast and give but little opportunity 
for comparison, yet they were both distinguished by the 
same natural simplicity and nobility of character, and 
possessed those attributes of heart and mind that are so 
difficult to describe, but when combined make true great- 
ness. Both impressed with that reserve power which 
does not show itself in words, but whose subtle force 
and influence are always felt and at all times inspire 
confidence. 




Washington Monument 
viewed from the north. 



UNVEILING OF THE WASHINGTON MONUMENT. 20 

The career of Washington is a most interesting one 
to study, because it shows a gradual development of char- 
acter. He had not those brilliant and attractive talents 
that enable one to leap suddenly into fame, but he was 
endowed with those qualities of mind and heart that re- 
quire conditions to develop. His growth though grad- 
ual was sure. He was a man who could rise to the oc- 
casion no matter how important the crisis, and he was 
able to meet with fortitude of soul those emergencies 
that made the strongest hesitate. He was at all times 
resolute, and was one who persevered unto the end. 

Born and reared in the country, he indulged in those 
out-door exercises that developed and strengthened him 
physically and enabled him to endure the strain of ex- 
cessive work and fatigue. He was devoted to field sports 
and was considered the best horseman of his day. His 
farm Hfe brought him face to face with Nature, and with 
such a character she always induces to thoughtful con- 
templation. 

The home influences which surrounded him were re- 
fining, for he was in every sense of the word a gentleman. 

He was never what might be termed scholarly in his 
attainments, for his early education had been very meagre. 
He was not a student, but a man of thought and action. 
He was a close, keen observer of men, manners, and 
things. 

Patrick Henry at one time in referring to him as a 
member of the Continental Congress said that "if you 
speak of solid infoiTnation and sound judgment. Colonel 
Washington is unquestionably the greatest man on that 
floor." 

The French and Indian war gave him his first experi- 
ence in battle, and under the brave, unfortunate, and self- 
willed Braddock he evinced those qualities of coolness, 
courage, and bravery under fire that afterwards so spe- 
cially distinguished him. 

He was not one who in Europe would have been con- 
sidered a trained soldier, and yet when the hour of 
supreme peril came he was the man whose quiet, 



30 UNVEILING OF THE WASHINGTON MONUMENT. 

unobtrusive, but strong qualities of mind had exercised so 
deep an influence upon his countrymen and had inspired 
such universal confidence that every mind suggested his 
name and every hope centred in him as the one who 
should lead the army of Independence. The trust thus 
reposed was not misplaced, for he subsequently brought 
the Colonies through tribulation into days of peace and 
prosperity. 

We have not the time to trace him step by step 
through those years of anxiety and conflict. 

The evacuation of Boston by the British under Howe, 
followed by the battle of Long Island; the retreat 
through the Jerseys; the crossing of the Delaware by 
night in the dead of winter; the sudden attack upon 
Trenton and the rout of the Hessians, which victory re- 
vived the drooping courage of the people; the battle ol 
Brandywine, succeeded by the loss of Philadelphia; the 
well-planned but disastrous defeat of the Americans at 
Germantown, and then the long and weary months of 
suffering at Valley Forge, were the principal events that 
marked the early years of the Revolution. Through all 
this period his spirit was never conquered, his confidence 
never failed, and his hope was never lost. 

Brighter days and prospects came when France ex- 
tended her sympathy and gave to the struggling col- 
onists substantial assistance in men and money. 

The surrender of Cornwallis virtually ended the war; 
soon the Treaty of Paris was signed and the independence 
of the Colonies acknowledged. Washington now re- 
turned to the shades of private hfe. 

We behold him not as a conqueror seeking a triumph, 
not as a Caesar coveting a crown, not as a despot am- 
bitious for power, but as a patriot, who having served 
his country, and having scattered her enemies, sur- 
renders his sword to her in whose defense it had been 
drawn. 

With dismay and fear he watched the growing jealousy 
of the Colonies; he saw the utter and contemptible weak- 



UNVEILING OF THE WASHINGTON MONUMENT. 3 1 

ness of the Confederation, and looked into the future with 
dread and trembling. 

Independence had been followed by petty dissension, 
and at times it seemed as if there could be no unity of 
purpose nor concert of action in the establishment of a 
united country and a common government. From his 
retirement he advised his countrymen and counseled 
moderation. 

The Constitution at length was formed and the country 
started on a new career. Once more with common ac- 
cord the people called him and he was named the first 
President of the young Republic. 

With judgment, with moderation, with patriotic integ- 
rity he carried the Nation through the first eight years 
of her political existence, and then laid down the sceptre 
of power and returned to the ranks of the people. 

Once his sword as a victorious soldier and afterwards 
his power as a successful magistrate he surrendered will- 
ingly into the hands of his countrymen. 

The history of the world furnishes no such parallel, no 
such glorious example. 

In his farewell address upon his retirement forever from 
public life the whole character of the man is revealed in 
all its grandeur of truth, of honor, of wisdom, and of 
patriotism, and as time rolls on he grows stronger in the 
affections of his countrymen. 

His influence, his wisdom guided the RepubHc safely 
through the early years of her life, and left her so firmly 
established with her course for the future, not only in 
domestic but foreign policies, so clearly defined, that our 
safety is assured only when we travel the paths marked 
out by him. 

Time will see great changes, the selfish ambition of 
men for power will bring havoc and war, governments 
will dissolve and new states will arise, despots will rule 
and dynasties pass away, revolutions will shake thrones, 
and Anarchy will raise her hideous form, erect her bar- 
ricades, and create confusion, but in all future ages the 



32 UNVEILING OF THE WASHINGTON MONUMENT. 

great figure of Washington in its grandeur of proportions 
will rise above the world's tumult and destruction, point- 
ing the way to Liberty and to Law. His influence will 
grow as the years increase, and his example will live di- 
recting and controlling the actions of men and the course 
of nations yet unborn. 

In the face of his life oppressors and usurpers have no 
defense nor excuse to make in their wicked assumption 
and exercise of arbitrary power. Selfish and personal 
ambition will ever be taught a lesson and rebuked by his 
example. 

The influence of a truly great man can never die. He 
was great because his aspirations were noble, because of 
his integrity and devotion to truth, because he appre- 
ciated the responsibility of duty, because of his sense of 
exact justice, and because of his sincere and intense love 
of country. 

His motives were pure and his ideals lofty; he sank all 
consideration of self in his desire to discharge his duty 
to God, to his country, and to his fellow man. 

There have been more acute minds, keener intellects, 
but few men have possessed sounder judgment. He 
reached conclusions slowly but by safe methods. 

He was a good listener and could weigh with accuracy 
the suggestions of others, and his judgment enabled him 
to select the best. 

So great were the quaHties of his mind that the strong- 
est leaned on him with confidence and the bravest were 
inspired to enthusiasm. "Plan the battle," cried mad 
Anthony Wayne, "and I'll capture hell." 

He was not showy, but sound. He did not dazzle 
with a flash, but illumined with a steady light. He did 
not promise, but realized. He did not boastfully pre- 
dict, but modestly and patiently secured success. He 
had an abiding faith. He trusted in Divine Providence, 
but madly followed no star of destiny. 

In the darkest hour his soul was not dismayed; when 
defeat o'erwhelmed he still hoped; when the timid quailed 
he stood undaunted. 



UNVEILING OF THE WASHINGTON MONUMENT. 33 

Justem et tenacem propositi virum 
Non civium ardor pravajubentium 
Non vultus instantis tyranni 
Mente quatit solida 
****** 

Nee fulminantis magna manus Jovis 
Si fractus illabatur orbis, 
Impavidum ferient ruinse. 

It was fortunate for the Colonies that a man with the 
prudence, the resolution, the judgment, the patriotism, 
the integrity of Washington could be found to lead their 
armies; it is even more fortunate for the RepubHc that 
such a man was found to inaugurate her government. 

He was the column of cloud by day, the pillar of fire 
by night. His ambition was measured by his country's 
good. No crown tempted him, and tyranny was to him 
a stranger. 

It is impossible to imagine him fighting in a cause 
which did not appeal to him as just. He was a born 
soldier, but fought for principle, not conquest; for liberty, 
not fame; for peace, not glory. He, perhaps, cannot be 
classed as a soldier with Caesar and Napoleon, but he 
had far greater qualities of soul than either of them. 

War for war's sake he could not understand nor 
undertake. He was the last man whose ambition would 
have urged him to 

Wade through slaughter to a throne, 
And shut the gates of mercy on mankind. 

He seems to have been raised up for the safety of his 
people and his country. He was the one man of his 
time specially fitted for the task assigned him. Among 
all his contemporaries, and it was a day of great men, 
there was not one who could have filled his place. 

Defeat did not shake the confidence the people had in 
him, and in the darkest hour his deposition, though sug- 
gested by his enemies, was never even for a moment 
seriously considered by his confiding and patriotic coun- 
trj^men. His integrity, his patriotism were not ques- 
tioned, and no fair-minded man thought any other cap- 
tain could under the conditions have done better. 



34 UNVEILING OF THE WASHINGTON MONUMENT. 

He bore with singular dignity and equanimity the 
cruel and shameless attacks made upon him by his po- 
litical enemies, for even Washington's motives were im- 
pugned, and at times he was subjected to malignant and 
personal abuse. 

If there was one feature rather than any other of his 
character that stood out in bold relief it was his serenity, 
his dignified composure. Although naturally irritable in 
temper, he had so calmed and controlled it by resolution 
that he seldom gave way to his wrath. 

There are but two instances given when, under the 
greatest provocations, his anger broke all bounds. Once 
at the battle of Monmouth, when enraged at Lee's re- 
treat, and again at the Cabinet meeting, when he was 
chafing under the scurrilous and libelous attacks of the 
infamous Gazette. 

A careful study of his character even in detail induces 
to respect and admiration. How few there are among 
the so-called great men of the world of whom this can 
truthfully be said. 

To Washington then we dedicate this monument, and 
in grateful remembrance let us consecrate ourselves to 
the service of our country; let us vow to do all in our 
power to preserve intact that Republic so dear to him, 
and for whose creation and perpetuation he sacrificed so 
much. 

This monument is but the work of our hands; it stands 
for naught and is as cold and meaningless in sentiment 
as the marble that composes it unless our hearts speak 
in gratitude and in afifectionate appreciation of the in- 
estimable services in the cause of Liberty rendered by 
him whom we honor to-day. 

The pyramids have outlasted generations. Time and 
the elements have made but little impression upon their 
sides; powerful states have crumbled in their shadows, 
and they but hold the ashes of proud dynasties whose 
history is lost in the obscurity of ages. They but mock 
the pride of their builders, they but speak of a glory and 
a power long since departed. 



UNVEILING OF THE WASHINGTON MONUMENT. 35 

May this monument which we dedicate to-day stand 
amidst a free and a united people unto the latest gen- 
erations of time; may our children and our children's 
children as at an altar here renew their allegiance and 
devotion to the principles of free government, and find 
here new inspiration in the life and example of him whom 
we affectionately call the Father of our Country. 

In committing this monument to the custody of the 
Fairmount Park Commission, let me close by repeating 
in the language of Washington those lines in his farewell 
address which read: "May Heaven continue to you the 
choicest tokens of its beneficence, that your union and 
brotherly affection may be perpetual, that the free Con- 
stitution which is the work of your hands may be sacredly 
maintained." 



ACCEPTANCE BY THE PARK COMMISSION. 

The ceremonies were closed by the acceptance of 
the custody of the monument, on behalf of the Fair- 
mount Park Commission, by James McManes, Esq., 
the President of that body, who said : — 

On behalf of the Commission of Fairmount Park I ac- 
cept the custody of this beautiful and superb monument, 
erected to the memory and glorious achievements of the 
Father of his Country by his companions in arms, and 
which has been unveiled to-day in the midst of so much 
pomp and ceremony by the people of the United States. 
The Park Commission will esteem it a pleasure, as well 
as a patriotic duty, to carefully guard and preserve this 
monument through the coming years. 




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[I. 



MILITARY PARADE. 



THE MILITARY PARADE. 

The troops then passed in review in the following 

order: — 

Marshal, 

Maj.-Gen. George R. Snowden, N. G. P. 

Staff, 
Lieut.-Col. George H. North, N. G. P., Chief of Staflf. 

Col. Theodore A. Wiedersheim, N. G. P. 
Col. R. S. Edwards, N. G. P. 
Col. T. DeWitt Cuyler, N. G. P. 
Col. Russell B. Harrison, N. G. of Indiana. 
Lieut-Col. S. S. Hartranft, N. G. P. 
Lieut-Col. William J. Elliott, N. G. P. 
Lieut.-Col. Alex. Krumbhaar, N. G. P. 
Lieut.-Col. Charles H. Townsend, N. G. P. 
Lieut.-Col. Ralph F. Cullinan, N. G. P. 
Lieut.-Col. Austin Curtin, N. G. P. 
Lieut-Col. Alex. A. E. McCandless, N. G. P. 
Lieut.-Col. A. Lawrence Wetherill, N. G. P. 
Lieut.-Col. Charles H. Howell, N. G. P. 
Lieut-Col. Howard L. Calder, N. G. P. 
Maj. C. W. Williams, U. S. A. 
Maj. Barton D. Evans, N. G. P. 
Maj. James A. G. Campbell, N. G. P. 
Maj. David Lewis, N. G. P. 
Capt G. S. Bingham, U. S. A. 
First Lieut. Spencer Cosby, U. S. A. 

United States Forces. 

I. Provisional Brigade of United States Troops, Col. S. S. Sumner, 
6th Cavalry, commanding. 

Battalion of Engineers, Maj. J. G. D. Knight, commanding. 
Capt. S. W. Roessler, 
Capt Theodore A. Bingham, 
Capt. William C. Langfitt. 

Battalion 13th Infantry, Lieut.-Col. W. S. Worth, commanding. 
Capt. James Forenance, 
Capt George R. Cecil, 
Capt. B. H. Gilman. 

Battalion 4th Artillery, Maj. J. M. Lancaster, commanding. 
Battery Af.— Capt. F. Fuger. 
Battery D. — Capt. P. Leary, Jr. 
Battery L. — Capt. W. Everett. 
Battery 1. — Capt. C. Chase. 

Light Battery E, ist Artillery. — Capt. A. Capron. 
Squadron 6th Cavalry, Maj. Thomas C. Lebo, commanding. 

Troop G.— Capt. F. West. 

Troop E. — First Lieut E. C. Brooks. 

Troop A. — First Lieut J. P. Ryan. 

Troop H. — Capt. L. A. Craig. 

(39) 



40 UNVEILING OF THE WASHINGTON MONUMENT. 

2. Provisional Brigade, United States Navy, Capt. W. C. Wise, com- 
manding. 

Battalion United States Marine Corps, Capt. B. Reeves Russell, com- 
manding. 

Battalion of Sailors from the United States Monitor "Terror," Capt. 
P. F. Harrington, commanding. 

Battalion of Sailors from the United States Battleship "Texas," 
Lieut. Commander D. Delehanty, commanding. 

French Forces. 

3. Crew of the French aviso "Fulton," Commander Lespinasse de 
Saune. 

National Guard. 

National Guard of Delaware. 

4. Hon. Ebe W. Tunnell, Governor of Delaware, and Staff. 
1st Infantry, Col. I. Pusey Wickersham. 

National Guard of Pennsylvania. 

5. Hon. Daniel H. Hastings, Governor of Pennsylvania, and Staff. 

Brig.-Gen. J. P. S. Gobin, commanding division. 

Staff:— Ma.]. M. A. Gherst, 

Maj. William H. Egle, 
Maj. Henry P. Moyer, 
Maj. W. S. Miller, 
Capt. A. W. Shultz, 
Capt. A. Wilson Norris, 
Lieut. G. H. Halberstadt. 

Second Brigade. 
Brig.-Gen. John A. Wiley, commanding. 
loth Infantry. — Col. A. L. Hawkins. 
J5th Infantry. — Col. William A. Kreps. 
iSth Infantry. — Col. Norman M. Smith. 
5th Infantry. — Col. Theodore Burchfield. 
i6th Infantry.^Col. Willis J. Hulings. 
14th Infantry. — Col. William J. Glenn. 

First Brigade. 
Brig.-Gen. John W. Schall, commanding. 
jsl Infantry. — Col. Wendell P. Bowman. 
2d Infantry. — Lieut.-Col. Henry T. Dechert, commanding. 
6th Infantry. — Col. Perry M. Washabaugh. 
3d Infantry. — Col. Robert Ralston. 
Battalion State Fencibles. — Maj. Thurber T. Brazen 
Cray Invincibles. — Capt. Andrew F. Stevens. 

Third Brigade. 
Col. Frank J. Magee, 8th Infantry, commanding. 
13th Infantry. — Col. James B. Coryell. 
4th Infantry. — Col. David B. Case. 
ISth Infantry.— Coh Henry A. Coursen. 

8th Infantry. — Lieut.-Col. Theodore F. Hoffman, commanding. 
gth Infantry.^Lieut.-Co\. C. Bow. Dougherty, commanding. 




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UNVEILING OF THE WASHINGTON MONUMENT. 4I 

State Naval Force. — Commander Francis Shunk Brown. 
Provisional Battalion of Artillery. — Capt. John A. Denithorne, com- 
manding. 

Batteries A^ B, and C. 

National Guard of New Jersey. 

6. Hon. John W. Griggs, Governor of New Jersey, and Staff. 
6th Infantry. — Col. William H. Cooper. 

Catling Gun Company B. — Capt. John B. Jones. 

Battalion of the West Naval Reserve of New Jersey. — Commander C. B. 
Dahlgren. 

Cadets. 

7. Provisional Regiment of Cadets, Capt. Frank A. Edwards, ist Cav- 
alry, U. S. A., commanding. 

Cadet Corps of Girard College. 

Corps of Cadets, Pennsylvania Military College, Lieut. G. McK. Will- 
iamson, 8th Cavalry, U. S. A., commanding. 

Field Returns to the Chief Marshal. 

The Chief Marshal in his report to the Chairman of the 
Committee of the State Society of the Cincinnati of Penn- 
sylvania, made the following return of the strength of the 
forces participating in the parade: — 

Battalion of Engineers, United States Army 310 

Battalion of Thirteenth Infantry, United States Army.. 212 

Battalion of Fourth Artillery, United States Army 220 

Light Battery E, United States Army 72 

Squadron of Sixth Cavalry, United States Army 218 

1,032 

Provisional Brigade, United States Navy 250 

Landing party of the French aviso "Fulton" 50 

Total United States and French forces 1,332 

First Delaware Infantry 300 

Second Brigade, National Guard of Pennsylvania 2,877 

First Brigade, National Guard of Pennsylvania 2,367 

Third Brigade, National Guard of Pennsylvania 2,993 

Naval Force, National Guard of Pennsylvania 180 

8,417 

Sixth Infantry, National Guard of New Jersey 300 

Catling Gun Company B, National Guard of New 

Jersey 65 

Naval Force, National Guard of New Jersey 150 

SIS 

Girard College Cadets 450 

Pennsylvania Military College Cadets 80 

S30 

Staff officers and bands SCO 

Grand total 1 1,594 




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DINNER OF THE STATE SOCIETY OF THE 
CINCINNATI OF PENNSYLVANIA. 

The State Society of the Cincinnati of Pennsylvania 
gave a dinner of four hundred covers on the evening 
of the day of the unveiling of the monument, in Horti- 
cultural Hall, Broad Street above Spruce, to the visit- 
ing members of the Society of the Cincinnati, repre- 
sentatives of the Republic of France, Federal, State, 
and city officials, officers of the Army and Navy and 
National Guard, and other guests. Major William 
Wayne presided. 

The Most Reverend P. J. Ryan, Archbishop of 
Philadelphia, asked Divine blessings, as follows : — 

" Bless us, O Lord, and these Thy gifts, which of Thy 
bounty we are about to receive, through Jesus Christ 
our Lord. Amen." 

The President announced as the first toast, " The 
Memory of Washington," whereupon the entire com- 
pany rose and drank to the sentiment in respectful 
silence. 

"THE MEMORY OF THE FOUNDERS OF THE 
SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI." 

Major Asa Bird Gardiner, United States Army, a 
member of the Rhode Island Society and Secretary- 
General of the Society of the Cincinnati, responded 
to the toast, " The Memory of the Founders of the 
Society of the Cincinnati." He said : — 

Mr. President: — The call upon me is entirely unex- 
pected, but one who exhibits upon his person, as I hap- 
pen to do this evening, the original eagle which General 

(45) 



46 UNVEILING OF THE WASHINGTON MONUMENT. 

Washington himself wore, cannot but feel inspired to say 
something to such a toast. In May, 1783, the old Con- 
tinentals, in their ragged regimentals, for the last time 
paraded in the cantonments on the Hudson. As they 
were about to separate, the officers who had been together 
for eight years of war, realizing that they were soon to 
sink into the ranks of civil Hfe, formed this Society of the 
Cincinnati. The rolls of the Society show the names of 
men whose history is a priceless heritage to our people. 
The original roll which was signed at that time bears the 
names of Washington, Steuben, Knox, Lincoln, and many 
others who were prominent in the Revolutionary history 
of our country. Many of the gallant officers from France 
joined the new organization, headed by Rochambeau and 
Lafayette, and the Society of the Cincinnati in France was 
then created and has since remained identified with the 
Society in this country. 

Many of our naval heroes in the War of the Revolution 
were members of the Society of the Cincinnati. One of 
them was John Paul Jones, the mention of whose name 
reminds me of an incident in the career of that renowned 
sea captain. After a terrific battle between his own ves- 
sel, the "Bon Homme Richard," and the British frigate 
"Serapis," which was one of the bloodiest sea fights of the 
War of the Revolution, Captain Jones did what no other 
naval commander had done. When his own ship sank, as 
the "Serapis" surrendered, he took possession of the en- 
emy's ship and carried his capture into port. 

"The Memory of the Founders of the Society of the 
Cincinnati." What glorious recollections attach to their 
names! Those war-worn veterans, when they separated, 
were in poverty and distress. Their Government owed 
them two years' pay. They had ruined themselves in the 
service of their country. Though broken in fortune and 
broken in health, they went to their homes to begin Hfe 
anew. Yet in civil life, when the time came for the es- 
tablishment of "a more perfect Union," they were found 
at the front, laboriously engaged in carrying out the cardi- 
nal principles of the organization they had formed, in the 



UNVEILING OF THE WASHINGTON MONUMENT. 4/ 

creation of "a more perfect Union." Fully one-half of 
the members of the Convention which framed the Consti- 
tution of the States, including the President and Secretary 
of that body, were members of the Society of the Cin- 
cinnati. 

It was a member of this Society — ^John Paul Jones — 
who was the first to carry our flag abroad. An American 
lady who saw the flag in Europe for the first time, em- 
bodied in a poem the hero's recollections of the great 
naval engagement to which I referred. Her subject 
was the flag, and I recall but a few lines of it. They were 
these : — 

God save the States — make them victorious, 

Happy and glorious — 

God save the States 1 

"THE MEMORY OF OUR FRENCH ALLIES." 

His Excellency M. Jules Patenotre, the French 
Ambassador, upon being introduced by the Chair as 
the respondent to this toast, was greeted with rounds 
of cheers and all the accompaniments of an enthusi- 
astic welcome. His response, delivered in English, 
was as follows : — 

Gentlemen: — It is for me a very pleasant duty to con- 
vey to you the thanks of the President of the French Re- 
public for the kind invitation and the courteous testimony 
of international sympathy which have been extended to 
him, across the Atlantic, by the Society of the Cincinnati, 
on the occasion of the unveiling of the beautiful monu- 
ment to-day to the memory of the great founder of your 
Independence. 

Allow me at the same time, gentlemen, to extend to 
you an expression of my personal gratitude for the oppor- 
tunity which has been given to me to be present at the 
imposing ceremony in Fairmount Park and at the patriotic 
festivities of to-night. 



48 UNVEILING OF THE WASHINGTON MONUMENT. 

One hundred and fourteen years ago one of my prede- 
cessors, the Chevalier de la Luzerne, who then represented 
the French monarchy in the United States, had the great 
honor to be associated in the creation of your illustrious 
Order and to see his name registered on the first page of 
the golden book of your Society. 

My presence to-night at this banquet, the cordiality of 
your welcome, the display of the French flags, which I 
see fraternizing with the American colors, are the touch- 
ing proof that since the lapse of a century nothing has 
been changed in the hearts of your citizens, and that you 
have remained faithful to the sentiments of those early 
days. 

I am particularly glad, gentlemen, to assure you of the 
reciprocity of our feelings. France will always be pleased 
to remember that some of her illustrious sons have had the 
good fortune to fight by the side of your immortal Wash- 
ington; she will always be proud to think that the mem- 
ories of Lafayette and Rochambeau will be kept alive for- 
ever in the records of your national history and in the 
hearts of your countrymen. 

Gentlemen, I am certain to be to-night the faithful in- 
terpreter of the French people in drinking to the prosper- 
ity of your great nation, to the continuance of its glorious 
destinies, to the perpetuity of the traditional friendship 
which unites our sister Republic with yours, and which 
my constant ambition has always been to maintain and to 
fortify. 

Upon the close of M. Patenotre's response the 
company rose and joined in a series of cheers for the 
distinguished guest, for " France," and for "the land 
of Lafayette." 

"THE ARMY." 

Brigadier-General George D. Ruggles, of the United 
States Army, responded to the toast, "The Army." 
He said: — 



UNVEILING OF THE WASHINGTON MONUMENT. 49 

Mr. President:— The first General-in-Chief of the 
American forces deprecated the necessity, in the Revolu- 
tionary times, of sending abroad for military instructors 
for the American Army — to Prussia for a tactician and 
to France for military engineers. He preferred that the 
American military institutions should be placed in the 
hands of Americans, and that none but Americans should 
be placed on guard. Any one who witnessed to-day the 
grand parade of the National Guard has little reason to 
despair of American mihtary institutions. 

General Washington, whose memory we celebrate to- 
day, planned at that time a military school. That plan 
was not carried out during his lifetime; it was instituted 
some years afterwards. His design was not only that 
there should be educated officers for the army, but that a 
system of military education should be established by 
means of which the services of men who had received a 
military training but who had gone into civil life, could 
be made available for the Government when, in an emer- 
gency, they returned to the national standard for the de- 
fense of the country when in trouble. Many years after- 
wards Grant and Sherman did return to the standard, and, 
assisted by Sheridan, they led to the defense of the country 
the patriotic volunteer soldiery. They restored the integ- 
rity of the country and they crushed rebellion forever. 
Thus was the wondrous foresight of "the Father of his 
Country" vindicated by the result. 

Though this military school has been established not 
yet a hundred years, it has graduated nearly fifty-five 
hundred men. But the influence of that school has been 
felt throughout the entire country. It has left its impress 
upon the volunteer force; it has made itself felt in the 
National Guard; it has extended its influence to the 
schools throughout our country; and in the efficiency 
of its pupils and the beneficial results of its operation we 
have reason to say once more that the military institutions 
of America are entirely safe. From the time of Washing- 
ton to our own day we have passed from the i^int-lock and 



50 UNVEILING OF THE WASHINGTON MONUMENT. 

the smooth-bore to dynamite and the rifle. We have 
passed from the percussion cap to electricity and the 
more powerful explosives. The young men of to-day find 
literature that was not accessible to the military men 
of fifty years ago. Our American youths are great stu- 
dents, and not only are they studious, but they are prac- 
tical. We of the army, who, after many years of service, 
are about to be retired under the operation of law, rec- 
ognize that we can safely confide to the young men of 
the nation the defense and protection of the Government. 
They have ever shown a disposition to emulate the 
example of those who fought in the recent wars, and 
I am confident that they will never disgrace the record 
left to them by their fathers upon the battlefields of the 
country. 

The President announced that Commodore John A. 
Howell, of the United States Navy, who had been in- 
vited to respond to the toast, " The Navy," was un- 
avoidably absent, and therefore the response to this 
toast would be omitted. 

"THE ORIGINAL THIRTEEN STATES." 

Hon. James Simons, LL. D., of the Society of the 
Cincinnati of South Carolina and ex-Speaker of the 
House of Representatives of South Carolina, who 
responded to this toast, spoke as follows : — 

Mr. President and Gentlemen: — In being called 
upon to respond to this toast, I find myself in great em- 
barrassment, as I am a substitute — one pressed into the 
service at the last moment; a captive in the hands of my 
brethren of the Pennsylvania State Society of the Cincin- 
nati. I know, by experience, that it is impossible to re- 
sist their fascinations. I have neither the honor nor the 



UNVEILING OF THE WASHINGTON MONUMENT. 5 I 

pleasure of an acquaintance with the gentleman* who was 
expected, in regular course, to respond to this toast; but 
I am satisfied, from the fact that he had been selected, 
that he would have entertained you eloquently and in- 
structively. My own lot, however, as a substitute, is not 
a happy one. It reminds me of an incident which occurred 
shortly after the Mexican War. A good man — a citizen 
and a patriot — was willing to serve his country, and he 
became a candidate for Congress. Finding himself sorely 
pressed by his political adversaries, he was compelled, as 
candidates have sometimes been known to be, to have 
recourse to his war record. He accordingly made this 
appeal: "My fellow-citizens, I have served you faithfully 
in war, I have lost an arm in your defense, and now in times 
of peace you can help me." One of his opponents replied, 
"I too have fought for my country; not only have I shed 
my blood for it, but I have given up my life for it, be- 
cause," he added, "I sent a substitute, and his bones lie 
bleaching on a battlefield." 

Now, gentlemen, after having enjoyed your good cheer 
and after having met this goodly company, I feel that my 
fate as a substitute has been much more fortunate than 
that of the one of whom I have spoken. 

Now, in response to the toast — "The Original Thirteen 
States" — what can I say? What can a man fail to say 
upon a theme so inspiring? The sentiment suggested by 
the toast finds a response in the heart of every man who 
feels that he deserves to breathe the pure and free atmos- 
phere of this glorious American country. Those thirteen 
States are represented here to-day by men who have come 
to participate in your celebration. In one of those thir- 
teen States the Order of the Cincinnati was founded 
immediately upon the conclusion of the war which had 
been fought by "the Old Original Thirteen." In the vi- 
cissitudes of years some of the members of the Order from 
those States have succumbed to circumstances they could 
not control, but here to-day ten of the thirteen States are 

*Governor Daniel H. Hastings of Pennsylvania. 



52 UNVEILING OF THE WASHINGTON MONUMENT. 

represented, and we hope by the next triennial meeting of 
the Society to have the whole thirteen represented. Mem- 
bers of the Society in other States have come here to-day — 
some of them from far distant points — to participate in 
this celebration and to manifest their appreciation of the 
success of their brethren in this State in accomplishing 
the work of which we have seen the fruition to-day. I 
feel that I voice their sentiments in congratulating the 
Society of Pennsylvania, as I do, upon the achievement 
which they have consummated. I trust that the magnifi- 
cent monument unveiled to-day in honor of the Great 
American will constitute an object lesson in patriotism 
for the ages to come, and that it will preserve the memory 
of the sacrifices made, of the virtues displayed, and of the 
toils and hardships endured by Washington and his com- 
patriots in the cause of human liberty. I feel that that 
lesson will not be wasted on the present or on the coming 
generation, but that every American who hopes to be wor- 
thy of the legacy of freedom will reaUze that his patri- 
otism should be as broad and expansive as the whole of 
his great country. I feel that I but voice the sentiment 
of the representatives of "the Old Original Thirteen" 
when I express their sincere and cordial appreciation of 
the bounteous and courteous hospitality which they have 
received, not only from their fellow-citizens of Philadel- 
phia in general, but from their brethren of the State Soci- 
ety of the Cincinnati of Pennsylvania in particular. 

"THE PERPETUAL PEACE AND HAPPINESS OF 
THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA." 

Hon. Charles F. Warwick, Mayor of Philadelphia, 
was the respondent to this toast. His remarks 
were: — 

Mr. President and Gentlemen: — This day has been 
a glorious one in the history of the Society of the Cincin- 
nati and in the history of the city of Philadelphia. The 




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UNVEILING OF THE WASHINGTON MONUMENT. 53 

occasion has been one of the most memorable and suc- 
cessful that Philadelphia ever saw; and when we say 
that of course we recognize that no other city stands in 
the same "classification," as the term is used at Harris- 
burg. 

The Society of the Cincinnati has made a gift to the 
nation to-day which will stand as a monument for all time 
to the wisdom, the heroism, and the pati-iotism of Wash- 
ington. The name of Washington is an inspiration in 
itself; his influence will live so long as people love liberty 
and desire to be free. No name is so intimately connected 
with our history and so closely interwoven with our na- 
tional existence. He can truthfully be called the Father 
of his Country. His biography has been written in every 
civiHzed tongue and his name is spoken with veneration 
in every quarter of the globe. 

Philadelphia is honored in that she has been made the 
custodian of this great memorial. It is one of the noblest 
tributes ever paid to the memory of Washington, and it 
speaks eloquently of the patriotism of this historic and 
distinguished Society. The rain, the wind, and the dust 
of ages will beat upon it, the tooth of time will gnaw 
into the granite, but the sentiment that it stands for will 
outlive the monument itself and last as long as time. Let 
it be our prayer to-night that revolutions may not change 
nor ambitions destroy the institutions and the principles 
of free government which it represents. May the day 
never come when in the midst of a people who have lost 
their freedom it will stand as a reminder of departed valor 
and national honor. May it ever, with the associations 
that cluster about it, incite our people to renewed vigi- 
lance in the preservation of all that is dear to them under 
a free government. May no stranger from a foreign land 
ever stand in its shadow and speak in derision of the in- 
stability of republics, of the decadence and the departed 
glory of a free people. 

The toast to which I am to speak is "Peace and Pros- 
perity." Washington believed in war only as a means to 
secure peace. He never believed in war for the satisfac- 



54 UNVEILING OF THE WASHINGTON MONUMENT. 

tion of personal ambition or for the winning of personal 
fame. He was the first to enter war when principles were 
at stake and the first to sheathe his sword when those 
principles were secured. Through years of strife he 
brought his country into peace and prosperity. 

A country maybe in peace and yet not prosperous; 
on the other hand, it may be prosperous and yet not at 
peace. But where a nation has both peace and prosperity 
its cup of happiness is full. There are many things, how- 
ever, worse for a nation than war — for instance, a dis- 
honorable peace. Every government, to have the respect 
of other nations, must be strong enough to resent an insult 
and to maintain her dignity. It is better to fight and 
suffer defeat than to tamely submit to an injustice. The 
time may come when wars will be a thing of the past, but 
the world has not yet reached that happy state. "In time 
of peace prepare for war" is an old adage, for peace 
is so great a blessing that it is worth fighting for, and 
sometimes can only be made permanent as a result of 
war. 

It is our trust and belief that so far as internal wars are 
concerned our Republic is safe. To-day we are a united 
people, with the sentiment of union stronger than ever 
in the history of our country. But so long as any State 
in Europe holds a piece of territory or claims to exercise 
any governmental direction over any part of this hemi- 
sphere, we should be in a position to defend any stand we 
take or any principle or policy we maintain. There is noth- 
ing so secures peace as ability to defend it. A powerful 
navy is a guarantee of peace and strong coast defenses 
induce to arbitration and honest settlement of interna- 
tional questions. To-day we are at peace with all the 
world. There is not a cloud on the horizon as big as a 
man's hand. But that is no reason why we should not in 
every way strengthen our national defense to make perma- 
nent that peace. 

It no doubt would be a good thing if the nations could 
establish an international court, such as the Amphictyonic 
Council of ancient Greece, where all the questions that 



UNVEILING OF THE WASHINGTON MONUMENT. 55 

cause irritation between the different countries could be 
submitted for settlement. The unequal conflict between 
Greece and Turkey could have been avoided and justice 
could have been done in Crete and the Turk brought to 
a realizing sense of his duty. Turkey is a menace to civil- 
ization, and has set at defiance every law of humanity, 
while the so-called Christian powers of Europe, influenced 
by commercial interests and by jealousy of each other, 
have failed to see that justice was done. 

How blessed we are as a people, and how little we appre- 
ciate the advantages we enjoy. Our country is at peace 
with all the world, living under one form of government, 
and prosperous within its borders. I think it can truth- 
fully be said that we have realized the hope of Washington 
himself. We have grown far beyond the expectation of 
the founders of our Government, and our future greatness 
is assured. 

Europe is divided into many States, composed of dif- 
ferent peoples, speaking different tongues. The people 
are heavily taxed for the support of standing armies, and 
an armed neutrality at all times is maintained. The fron- 
tiers bristle with armaments of war, and the nations stand 
ready at the slightest provocation to leap at each other's 
throats. Such a condition can never exist in this country 
if we are faithful to the teaching of him whom we have 
honored to-day. Our Union assures peace, and peace 
with us means prosperity. Let us therefore now, before 
we separate and go to our own homes, pledge ourselves 
to the maintenance of those principles of government 
which are so dear to us, which were so dear to Washington, 
and for which he sacrificed so much. Let us take our 
glasses in hand and drink to the peace, the power, and the 
prosperity of the greatest Republic the world has ever 
known. 

The company here responded to the Mayor's in- 
vitation by rising and drinking to the sentiment he 
had suggested. 



56 UNVEILING OF THE WASHINGTON MONUMENT. 



"THE HEROES OF THE REVOLUTION." 

In responding to the toast, " The Heroes of the 
Revolutionary War," Gen. WilHam S. Stryker, Presi- 
dent of the New Jersey Society of the Cincinnati, 
said : — 

I read this paragraph in a morning paper: "Germany 
has been ruled by a gerontocracy. At the time of the 
death of Emperor WilHam I., who was in his ninety-first 
year, the commander in chief of the army, General von 
Moltke, was eighty-eight years old; the Chancellor, Count 
von Bismarck, was seventy-three years of age, and the 
average age of the sixteen corps commanders was sixty- 
five years." 

This statement, so far as it has reference to the great 
army of the German Empire, disproves the proverb, "Old 
men for counsel, but young men for war." And now, while 
others around me are ready to please you with their wit, 
let me in a few words not inappropriate to the occasion 
call your attention to a fact which many have over- 
looked — the youthfulness of the officers of the Continen- 
tal line in the Revolutionary War. 

As we gaze upon the gray-wigged heads and clean- 
shaven faces of our patriotic sires in some old portrait or 
engraving, we are too apt to think of them as men of 
mature years at the time of the war — stem old veterans 
who had seen much of life, and had learned by long ex- 
perience how to command. Then we read in McMas- 
ter's "Carmen BelHcosum" how 

In their ragged regimentals, 
Stood the old Continentals, 
Yielding not. 

We picture to ourselves "the old-fashioned colonel" 
who 

Galloped through the white infernal powder cloud, 

and it seems to us that the men who fought our battles 
in the Revolutionary War were very old men — as old, in- 




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UNVEILING OF THE WASHINGTON MONUMENT. 57 

deed, as those whom Germany put at the head of her 
mighty army. Let me first speak of some of the gallant 
officers from my own State. 

On the last day of the year 1775, while the brave 
Montgomery lay dying in the Pris-de-ville under the 
walls of Quebec, Matthias Ogden, a Jersey soldier, drew 
his maiden sword, and his ringing voice told that his 
v/hole soul was burning with the love of liberty. Even 
in this very hour his young blood crimsoned the snow 
at early dawn, and he sank, seriously wounded in the 
shoulder, into the arms of his comrades. He was taken 
prisoner and sent to British headquarters, and being ad- 
mired for his bravery, was invited to a seat at the offi- 
cers' mess. At this table an officer just arrived from 
England asked the company to drink a toast, and Ogden, 
rising with the rest, heard the toast proposed, "Damna- 
tion to the Rebels!" Instantly he flung his glass and its 
contents in the face of the British officer, exclaiming, 
"Damnation to the man who dares to propose such a 
toast in my presence!" Of course a challenge passed, 
but the British commanding officer would not allow Og- 
den, as his prisoner, to accept it. An apology followed, 
and Ogden was ever afterwards treated vdth the utmost 
courtesy. He lived to do heroic deeds for the Republic. 
He was in command of the First Regiment, New Jersey 
Continental Line, when he was twenty-one years of age, 
and fought with reckless gallantry at Brandywine, Ger- 
mantown, and Monmouth. This, then, is not an "old- 
fashioned colonel," as referred to by the poet, but the 
brave young colonel of New Jersey's First, who, with 
clear head and bold heart, gave his best services to 
liberty. 

Let me cite another instance. In the memorable re- 
treat of Lee three gallant New Jersey officers leaned on 
their swords around the old well on the Carr farm, near 
the west ravine, waiting '"hile their weary men quenched 
their thirst on that hot Saul -"th in June on Monmouth 
Plains. A round shot had jusi "truck young Fauntle- 
roy and thrown that gallant Virginian into the morass 



58 UNVEILING OF THE WASHINGTON MONUMENT. 

below, which was a quivering mass of wounded men; but 
they must stay and drink, even though they should die 
as he. These officers, Major Ogden, Major Bloomfield, 
and Major Howell, were but twenty-two, twenty-three, 
and twenty-four years of age respectively, yet they had 
already done and continued to do great deeds for liberty. 
And did not our State honor these three young soldiers? 
After the war each in turn became Governor of the State; 
and as we look upon the likenesses of these men, made 
in after life, we get the impression that they were very 
old soldiers. 

Let me also speak of an ideal soldier, Col. Francis 
Barber, of the Third Regiment, who was severely wounded 
at Monmouth, again wounded by the Indians at the New- 
town fight, wounded the third time while leading a charge 
at Yorktown and killed at the very closing hours of the 
war, ending at the early age of thirty-two a life full of 
great and glorious deeds for freedom. 

Major-Gen. Philemon Dickinson, commander of the 
New Jersey Militia during the whole war, was thirty-nine 
when he hammered so well on Clinton's flank in his march 
across the Jerseys, and Capt. Alexander Hamilton was 
but a boy of nineteen as he sighted his four-gun battery 
on the flying Hessians in the streets of Trenton. 

Lord Cornwallis said he always felt uneasy whenever 
troops commanded by Major-Gen. Greene were near his 
camp. Greene was at this time not thirty-seven. Major- 
Gen. Sullivan was two years his senior when he led the 
strong columns of destruction against the hostile Six 
Naitions through the valley of the beautiful Wyoming. 

The stripling Frenchman, Major-Gen. Lafayette, was 
scarcely twenty years old when he out-manoeuvred the 
British veteran. Grant, at Barren Hill, and Light Horse 
Harry Lee was about the same age when he filled the 
new States with the news of his daring exploits. Col. 
Joseph Reed, Washington's Adjutant-General, was thirty- 
five when, with a few of the Philadelphia Troop of Light 
Horse, he picked up a party of British grenadiers near 
Princeton. 



UNVEILING OF THE WASHINGTON MONUMENT. 59 

When cannon balls struck old Nassau Hall and 

Rounder, rounder, rounder, roared the iron six-pounder, 
Hurling death, 

the chief of artillery of the American Army, General Knox, 
was but twenty-six. 

As you catch a glimpse in the moonhght of the glitter 
of the rifles and hear the scampering of steeds on the 
shore of the broad Santee, 

A moment in the British camp, a moment and away — 

you recognize the fearless trooper Marion; nor do you 
call him an old man as he whispers in your ear, "I am in 
love, and my sweetheart is — Liberty." 

Gen. John Cadwalader, at the head of his brigade of 
Philadelphia Associators, which fought so well at the 
Princeton Surprise, was not yet thirty-five, and General 
Mififlin, who commanded a division of troops that day, 
was thirty-two years old. Mad Anthony Wayne stormed 
Stony Point on the Hudson when he was thirty-four. 
General Muhlenburg, of Virginia, the "fighting parson," 
was but thirty-one at Monmouth. Colonel Hand, the 
keen rifleman who was always put at the point of greatest 
danger, was thirty-one at Trenton, and Colonel Varnum, 
Rhode Island's distinguished ofificer, was twenty-seven at 
the same battle. 

Was our beloved Washington an old man, as his digni- 
fied appearance, his powerful frame, his majestic counte- 
nance, often lead us to think? As he shouted words of 
cheer to his men on that cold morning after Christmas 
on the river road to Trenton, as he threw the two col- 
umns of his weary troops into the revelry of that village, 
and as he stood by the bedside of the dying Hessian, Rail, 
he was not yet forty-four years of age. 

And now let me recall, if I can, the last verse of poetry 
known to have been written by William Cullen Bryant in 
memory of Washington: 

Thus 'mid the wreck of thrones shall live 
Unmarred, undimmed, our hero's fame. 

And years succeeding years shall give 
Increase of honors to his name. 



60 UNVEILING OF THE WASHINGTON MONUMENT. 

Mayor Warwick here made the following announce- 
ment : Mr. Chairman, I wish to state that I have just 
received word that Governor Hastings, of Pennsylva- 
nia, who was to have been here to-night, unfortunately 
met with a slight accident. The horse which he rode 
was jammed between some other horses, and the Gov- 
ernor was injured in one leg. His injury is not 
serious, but was sufficient to confine him to his hotel 
quarters. Otherwise he would have been present on 
this occasion. He sends his regrets. 

"THE WOMEN OF THE REVOLUTION." 

Hon. James M. Beck, United States Attorney for 
the Eastern District of Pennsylvania, spoke as 
follows : — 

Mr. Chairman and Gentlemen of the Cincin- 
nati: — Permit me, in the first place, to gratefully ac- 
knowledge the very great compliment that you have 
shown me in assigning me to any part in the programme 
connected with an occasion as notable as this one will ever 
be in the annals of the city of Philadelphia. I had feared 
that I would have been unable to prepare myself in a man- 
ner worthy of the occasion, of the audience, or of the 
Society, but whatever fear I had is to some extent less- 
ened by the fact that, through the kindness of the audi- 
ence, the speeches have been so extremely confidential in 
their tone it does not matter much whether what the 
speaker says is well or poorly said, as it is graciously ac- 
cepted. I therefore proceed with less dififidence than I 
would otherwise. 

I trust I may be permitted to express the very great 
pleasure we all have here, not merely in the number of 
distinguished guests at this board, but especially in that 
we are honored, for the first time at one of the many pub- 
lic dinners in the city of Philadelphia, in having the Am- 




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UNVEILING OF THE WASHINGTON MONUMENT. 6l 

bassador of the French Republic as our guest. It is need- 
less to say that between his country and ours there have 
always been the closest ties of international fellowship. 
He can be no stranger in Philadelphia when he knows 
that it was within sight almost of its walls that his dis- 
tinguished countryman, the knightly Lafayette, poured 
out the blood of his gallant heart. And though the 
United States should adopt the somewhat gory sugges- 
tions that have been made, and make general war upon 
Spain, upon Greece, upon Turkey, and upon other nations, 
there will always be one country with which, for "Auld 
Lang Syne," the United States — please God — will remain 
in eternal amity, and that is the grand Republic of France. 
No international difference can ever arise that France and 
the United States cannot honorably submit to an impar- 
tial tribunal, whose decision they can accept as the voice 
of reason, rather than a resort to mere force. 

We cannot but remember, Mr. Ambassador, the fact that 
notwithstanding the brave declarations of those fathers 
of ours in whose especial memory we are met to-night, not- 
withstanding their wise provision for the country with 
their little means, the hour would indeed have been dark 
and the issue perhaps unfavorable had it not been for the 
generous, the loyal, the unselfish support that France gave 
to the United States in that time of need. We may add 
to that the thought that she is a republic, as we are; 
that together we uphold, above others, the standard of 
a democratic civilization; that these two governments 
are pledged to the loftiest civilization; that these two gov- 
ernments are bound together not only by ties that spring 
from the old conflict, but by that generous act, of re- 
cent date, when the French people, with that remarkable 
generosity that has always animated them, did that which 
we had neglected to do, and placed in our great harbor 
the magnificent statue which typifies Liberty enlightening 
the world. If France shall ever be isolated in any way, 
she will not lack a friend in her great sister republic across 
the sea. 



62 UNVEILING OF THE WASHINGTON MONUMENT. 

However, the toast assigned me is upon a somewhat 
different subject, though at this late hour you will not 
expect me to respond to it at any length. And yet, 
if you will pardon me, I feel that we would perhaps miss 
one essential and graceful thought of the occasion did 
we not, as we recall the "times that tried men's souls," 
remember that gentler portion of the heroic age, who were 
at once the inspiration and the reward of our fathers' 
labors. 

There arises before our imagination a vision more beau- 
tiful than Chaucer's "dream of fair women," of stately ma- 
trons and dainty maidens, with hair curled, powdered, and 
massed a la pompadour, with dainty feet encased in 
high-heeled slippers, and with figures enveloped in bro- 
caded satins of richest hue and texture. We can picture 
them as they sweep in the joyous fullness of life down 
some broad Colonial stairway or grace the republican 
court of Washington with their beauty, or enhance the 
charm of an assembly with that dance of kings, the minuet. 
Where are these brave and noble women who made our 
fathers' pulses beat more quickly? Some sleep in St. 
Peter's Churchyard, others by Christ Church wall. Of 
all it can be said, in the words of Holmes, the saddest, I 
think, in the English language: — 

The mossy marbles rest 

On the lips that he has pressed 

In their bloom ; 
And the names he loved to hear 
Have been carved for many a year 

On the tomb. 

"Something too much of this," however, for I am not 
bidden here to play the skeleton at the feast. It is my 
gracious duty to briefly speak of their part in the epic 
struggle to which scant justice has as yet been done. Each 
could say, as did the New England woman, who, hearing 
the praises of the Pilgrim Fathers sounded, said: "And 
what of the Pilgrim mothers, gentlemen? Did they not 
endure all the privations of which you speak, and the Pil- 
grim Fathers, too?" The women of 1776 were no laggards 



UNVEILING OF THE WASHINGTON MONUMENT. 63 

in the cause of freedom. They gave freely of their prop- 
erty tn the patriot cause and denied themselves many com- 
forts to give more. They passed from house to house to 
solicit contributions and wove the colors which their 
fathers and brothers defended with their lives. He whose 
public virtues we commemorate in lasting bronze to-day 
paid due tribute to their valuable co-operation in the war 
of freedom. To that Philadelphia Woman's Committee 
which, headed by Esther Reed, had helped to clothe his 
ragged Continentals, Washington, with true Virginia gal- 
lantry, wrote: "The army ought not to regret its sacrifices 
or its sufferings when they meet with so flattering a reward 
as in the sympathy of your sex, nor can it fear that its 
interests will be neglected when espoused by advocates 
as powerful as they are amiable." 

But these worthy ladies, with whom Burgoyne had 
boasted before leaving England that he would dance, did 
more than contribute either their jewels or the product 
of their nimble fingers. They freely gave to their country 
that which was dearest to them — their fathers, their sons, 
their lovers, their brothers, their husbands. Said one of 
them to her husband, in the spirit of a Roman matron, 
"Remember, Sidney, that I would rather hear that you 
were left a corpse on the field than that you played the 
coward." To which her Lovelace could have replied 
in those lovely words which embody the chivalry of our 
race: — 

I could not love thee, dear, so much. 

Loved I not honor more. 

In times of great emergency they even played the 
soldier, and America had more than one Joan of Arc who 
was willing to make the supreme sacrifice of life for free- 
dom and country. 

Pardon me a closing thought. If the women of the 
Revolution played their part in our epic struggle, it was in 
a manner in accord with our Anglo-Saxon civiHzation. 
They sacrificed everything for the cause except their 
crowning charm, modesty. Our fathers did not believe in 
political women. They appreciated better than we that 



64 UNVEILING OF THE WASHINGTON MONUMENT. 

women have never meddled vi^ith government except to 
curse it. No Montespan or Pompadour, no Lady Ham- 
ilton or Churchill, inflicted their baleful influence on the 
country. There is, perhaps, a suggestive lesson in this. 
The typical American woman is not that petticoated 
cyclone of the West, Mrs. Lease, who recently traversed 
our country and made so many votes — for the other side — 
or that Utah matron who illustrated fin de siecle politics 
by running for Senator against her husband. Our Amer- 
ican civilization glories in another and more gracious type 
of refined, modest, ctiltivated, and ennobled womanhood, 
of which it is a pleasure to say that both the last and the 
present first lady of the land are such notable examples. 
We would not deny woman any opportunity she needs 
or asks. We have thrown wide for her entrance the 
doors of our colleges, and made smooth the avenues to 
all advancement. We will deny her no reasonable liberty 
of action. "Atalanta's better part" may be to-day the bi- 
cycle if she will, nor will we even quarrel with the festive 
bloomer, but for her own sake we implore her not to act- 
ively enter that forbidden chamber of partisan politics 
for which the sweet retirement of her nature and the 
permanent difference in her social office so signally unfits 
her. Let them not be equal with us, for we acknowledge 
their superiority. Woman is still with us a religion. 
The Ewige-weibHche still leads us on. Hers is the only 
order of nobility we recognize. To her queenly office we 
willingly bow. An American woman first wove an Amer- 
ican flag and flung it to the breeze, and while its silken 
folds floats over our vast domain, illumined by the glory 
of eternal day, so long, please God, may there remain 
in our hearts the love of the knightly cavalier for God's 
last and best creation, woman. 

"OUR SISTER STATE SOCIETIES." 

The Chairman then announced, as the last on the 
list of toasts, "Our Sister State Societies," and called 
upon Gen. James M. Varnum, of New York, a mem- 



UNVEILING OF THE WASHINGTON MONUMENT. 65 

ber of the Society of the Cincinnati of the State of 
Rhode Island, to respond. 
General Varnum said : — 

Mr. President and Gentlemen: — I am asked at a 
very late hour in the evening, v^rithout any preparation 
and upon five minutes' notice, to speak to the toast of 
"Our Sister State Societies," but nevertheless it gives 
me pleasure to make the response, for such a toast needs 
no preparation, as its sentiment should be ever in the 
heart and in the thoughts of every member of this grand 
old military Order of the Cincinnati. In each of the 
original thirteen States of the Union, at every meeting 
of any existing State Society of the Cincinnati, the most 
honored guests are, and should ever be, the members of 
the Cincinnati in other States, divided way back in 1783 
into separate State organizations for the purpose of con- 
venience, but all bright stars of the same magnitude in 
a galaxy which makes up the general Society of the Cin- 
cinnati. It is right that this honor should be extended, 
for to whom do we owe more respect and love than to 
the descendants of those ancestors who fought side by 
side with our own, under the leadership of General Wash- 
ington, in the glorious and successful struggle for Amer- 
ican Independence? The respect which we ourselves 
show to the members of our sister State Societies has 
similarly been manifested by the Federal Government on 
all great occasions of ceremony, and by all State officials 
and committees having charge of public ceremonials who 
have familiarized themselves with the precedents for the 
proper action in such cases. Especially has this been the 
fact during the numerous centennial celebrations which 
have taken place during the past twenty years. These 
public honors to the Society of the Cincinnati first re- 
sulted from prescriptive usage growing out of the obse- 
quies of distinguished officers of the Revolutionary War 
and out of the reception of the Marquis de Lafayette in 
1824, and were finally crystallized in the concurrent 
resolution of Congress in 1884 at the time of the official 



66 UNVEILING OF THE WASHINGTON MONUMENT. 

ceremonials for the dedication of the Washington Monu- 
ment, at which time the officers of the Society were given 
precedence next after the Governors of States and Terri- 
tories. This order of precedence was followed in the 
subsequent centennial celebrations of 1887 and 1889, and 
in the latter, which was the centennial of the inaugura- 
tion of Washington as President of the United States, 
the high honor was extended to the Society of the Cin- 
cinnati as a matter of right to open the celebrations, 
which extended over several days, with a public church 
service in old St. Paul's Chapel in New York, followed 
on the next day by a grand banquet in honor of General 
Washington. 

Gentlemen of the Pennsylvania Society, your brethren 
from the Societies of the other States have come here 
to Philadelphia on this most auspicious occasion to offer 
you our kindliest words of friendship and congratulation. 
It is a pleasure for us to be here to-night. It is a great 
pleasure, or our friend Colonel Simons would not have 
come from far-off South CaroHna, and our friend Judge 
Harden from his home in Georgia, to say nothing of many 
of us from New York, New Jersey, Massachusetts, Rhode 
Island, and all the other States, all of whom are here sim- 
ply to do honor to the Society of the Cincinnati and to the 
memory of its first President, Gen. George Washington. 

To the State Society of Pennsylvania we desire to give 
all credit for the grand and stately monument of our first 
President which they have presented to the city of Phil- 
adelphia, one which reflects honor and credit upon the 
whole Society; for, gentlemen, all the State Societies of 
the Cincinnati are, as I have stated, but parts of the 
same great Order, and an honor that comes to the Penn- 
sylvania Society is also an honor to Maryland, an honor 
to South Carolina, an honor to New Jersey, and an honor 
to all the other State Societies. Therefore, gentlemen of 
Pennsylvania, we thank you for what you have done, and 
we bid you Godspeed in all your undertakings. It is to 
us a source of profound pleasure that this magnificent 
monument which has been so long in course of construe- 



UNVEILING OF THE WASHINGTON MONUMENT. 6/ 

tion has been erected, not alone to the glory of the 
Society in the State of Pennsylvania, but to the glory of 
the whole Society that was founded by Washington and 
his officers and their gallant French allies — the Society 
of the Cincinnati in the United States. 

Gentlemen, there has been some talk about our possible 
complications with foreign nations, but permit me to say 
emphatically that such matters have nothing to do with 
the Society of the Cincinnati. Organized in 1783, I think 
I can safely assert that with malice towards none, with 
charity to all, this Society nevertheless recognizes no ally 
or friend amongst foreign nations save one, and that is the 
nation of France. 

The popular feeling here to-day, or yesterday, or the 
day before, may lean towards or against Germany, Greece, 
Turkey, Spain, or any other nation; but I assure his Ex- 
cellency the Ambassador of France, who honors us with 
his presence this evening, that we, the hereditary mem- 
bers of this military Order, organized one hundred and 
fourteen years ago, have no sympathy with any other 
nation other than France. We know that when the fort- 
une of war seemed against us, when the poor patriot 
soldiers of Washington's army were fighting for liberty 
and were sore distressed and needed help, America looked 
in vain for encouragement from abroad. England was our 
antagonist, and all the other nations of the earth had 
apparently no sympathy for us. But suddenly from over 
the sea came the great ships and galleons of France, 
bringing money and soldiers and sailors for our relief. 
We of the Cincinnati appreciate that fact. We whose 
ancestors were officers who fought in the Revolution, 
know that it was largely due to the timely intervention 
of France that the American Republic became a possi- 
bility. Therefore I say to your Excellency that we are 
highly honored by your presence to-night, and I am sure 
I express the unanimous sentiment of the military Order 
of the Cincinnati when I assure you that the affection 
and regard for France and the French people which this 
Society has always entertained, will never die out. 



68 UXTEUJSG OF THE WASHIXGTOS MOXUMEST. 

Your Excellency, in accordance with what I know to 
be the unanimous consent of the members of the Society 
of the Cincinnati, permit me the honor on their behalf 
of offering to vou the right hand of fellowship in token 
of our regard and appreciation for the great nation which 
you here so ably represent. 

Gentlemen, the inquiry has often been made whether 
the descendants of those French oficers who were orig- 
inal members of the French Society of the Cincinnati 
take any personal interest in the Society at the present 
time. I beg to assure you that they do, and, gentle- 
men, I have considerable personal knowledge as to the 
fects that I have stated. As some of you here are aware, 
it has been my good fortune to meet and to enjoy the 
friendship of many of the descendants of those officers 
of France who fought for our Repubhc in our Revolu- 
tion. I have been as a member of thi s Society an hon- 
ored guest at the home of the great Count Rochambeau, 
and I have seen in a case in his own bed chamber, beside 
the insignia of the Order of St. Louis and other badges 
of distinction, his insignia of the Order of the CincinnatL 
Amongst these descendants of original members of the 
Cincinnati are some of the most distinguished men in 
France; amongst them members of the Academy, dukes 
and princes of the reahn, and many who now occupy the 
highest rank, social and otherwise, in the France of to- 
day, and I know that there is no distinction in their fam- 
ily traditions or in the history of their ancestors which 
they prize more highly than their membership in the 
American Society of the CincinnatL 

It is only a few weeks since I received an engraved 
notification of the death of the Count D'OUone, and the 
sorrowful announcement contained the statement that 
he was a Chevalier of the Legion of Honor and of the 
hereditary Order of Cindnnattis. 

Gentlemen, on behalf of the other State Societies of 
the Cincinnati, I assure you that from the Xorth and 
from the South they send greetings to Pennsylvania; 
they thank you for yotir courtesy; they thank you for 




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UNVEILING OF THE WASHINGTON MONUMENT. 



69 



your kindly feeling towards them; and they ask you to 
believe that in their hearts there will always be that same 
love for you that there is in our hearts, Mr. Ambassador, 
for France. 



Those who accepted invitations to the dinner in- 
cluded : — 



Chief Eng. A. H. Able, 

U. S. N., 
Hon. Robert Adams, Jr., 
Major G. W. Adair, U. S. A., 
Charles E. Alexander, 
Watson Ambruster, 
Odgen Armstrong, 
Hon. Michael Arnold, 
Capt. William H. Arthur, 

U. S. A., 
Hon. Chas. Y. Audenried, 
Chief Eng. S. L. P. Ayres, 

U. S. N. 

Paymaster R. T. M. Ball, 

U. S. N., 
G. Washington Ball, 
William Pancoast Barber, 
Levi R. Barnard, 
William Wilmot Ballard, 
Benjamin Bartholomew, 
James B. Baylor, 
Reading Beatty, 
Dr. S. W. Battle, 
Hon. James M. Beck, 
Hon. Abraham M. Beitler, 
Lewis E. Beitler, 
Charles Upham Bell, 
Capt. H. H. Bellas, U. S. A., 
Past Asst. Eng. F. M. Ben- 
nett, U. S. N., 
Col. R. Dale Benson, 
William Weldon Bentley, 
Cadwalader Biddle, 
Hon. Craig Biddle, 
Capt.G. S. Bingham, U.S.A., 
Gen. J. D. Bingham, U. S. A., 
Gen. Henry H. Bingham, 
Lieut. H. A. Bispham, 

U. S. N., 
Rudolph Blankenburg, 
Col. Wendell P. Bowman, 
Major Thurber T. Brazer, 
Gen. Jos. C. Breckinbridge, 
U. S. A., 



Hon. F. Amedee Br6gy, 
William E. Breese, Jr., 
Francis M. Brooke, 
Commander F. S. Brown, 
William W. Bruner, 
William Rowen Buck, 
Col. Theodore Burchfield, 
Lieut. E. C. Brooks, U.S.A., 
George J. Brennan. 

Patrick HenryCareyCabell, 
Dr. Chas. E. Cadwalader, 
Hon. John Cadwalader, 
Richard McC. Cadwalader, 
Francis M. Caldwell, 
J. W. S. Campbell, 
Capt. AUyn Capron, U.S.A., 
Major J. E. Carpenter, 
Col. David B. Case, 
Hon. W. Wilkins Carr, 
Walter DeLyleCarstarphen , 
Ensign S, Chavanon, 
Capt. Constantine Chase, 

U. S. A., 
Major David S. B. Chew, 
Lieut. J. L. Chamberlain, 

U. S. A., 
Dr. Thomas M. L. Chrystie, 
Henry Clay, 
Ensign M. Collon, 
William A. Connor, 
Rt. Rev. Leighton Coleman, 
Major Richard S. Colium, 

U. S. M. C, 
Medical Director Geo. H. 

Cooke, U. S. N., 
Col. James B. Coryell, 
John Cropper, 
Edwin S. Cramp, 
Alexander Crow, Jr., 
Capt. L. A. Craig, U. S. A., 
Col. Thos. DeWitt Cuyler. 

Capt. Charles B. Dahlgren, 
Richard Dale, 



Joseph G. Darlington, 
John Collins Daves, 
Graham Daves, 
Charles S. Davis, 
Col. Robert S. Davis, 
Maj. C. L. Davis, U. S. A., 
John Morton Davis, 
Charles W. Dayton, 
Henry M. Dechert, 
Col. Henry T. Dechert, 
Capt. John Denithorne, 
Commandant De Saune, 
John P. H. DeWindt, 
Surg. Oliver Diehl,U. S. N., 
Thomas Dolan, 
Chief Eng. W. W. Dungan, 
U. S. N. 

Capt. R. G. Ebert, U. S. A., 
Capt.F.A.Edvvards,U.S.A., 
Dr. William H. Egle, 
A. S. Eisenhower, 
William L. Elkins, 
William L. Elkins, Jr., 
Col. James Elverson, 
Chief Eng. A. C. Engard, 

U. S. N., 
Lieut. G. R. Evans, U. S. N., 
Capt. Wm. Everett, U. S. A. 

Ambassador of France , 
Surg.W.C. Farwell,U. S. N., 
Dr. Nelson M. Ferebee, 

U. S. N., 
Hon. Thomas K. Finletter, 
Nicholas Fish, 
Lieut.A. S.Fleming, U.S. A. 
John H. Fow, 
Major-Gen. W. B. Franklin, 
Howard B. French, 
James Franklin, 
Capt. Frederick Fuger, 

U. S. A., 
Alfred Brooks Fry. 



70 



UNVEILING OF THE WASHINGTON MONUMENT. 



Major Asa Bird Gardiner, 

U. S. A., 
Hon. Charles G. Garrison, 
Lieut. H. J. Gallagher, 

U. S. A., 
Joseph I. Gilbert, 
B. F. Gilkison, 
Lieut. W. A. Gill, U. S. N., 
Joseph E. Gillingham, 
John Sterritt Gittings, 
Lieut. J. C. Gilmore, Jr., 

U. S. A., 
Col, Wm. J. Glenn, 
James Glentworth, 
Gen. J. P. S. Gobin, 
Col. J. Lewis Good, 
Simon Gratz, 
Col. Chas. S. Greene, 
Major-Gen. David McM. 

Gregg, 
Gov. John W. Griggs, 
Major H. C. Groome, 
Capt. John C. Groome, 
Gen, E. Burd Grubb, 
Lieut. W. S. Guignard, 

U. S. A. 

James L. Hall, 

Dr. Luther Murphy Halsey, 

Lieut. A. Hamilton, U.S.A., 

Charles Wilson Handy, 

Hon. William B. Hanna, 

George E. Harris, 

Hon. William D. Harden, 

Col. Russell B. Harrison, 

Lieut. HarryL. Hawthorne, 

U. S. A.. 
Thomas S. Harrison, 
Hon. Henry S, Harris, 
Charles C. Harrison, 
Lieut. J. A. Harman.U.S.N., 
Hon. Alfred C. Harmer, 
Charles Francis Hart, 
Lieut. Robert L. Howze, 

U. S. A., 
Wencel Hartman, 
David Green Haskins, Jr., 
Gov. Daniel H. Hastings, 
Col. Alexander L. Hawkins, 
Rev. Horace E, Hayden, 
Capt. P. F. Harrington, 

U. S. N., 
Paul Augustine Hendry, 
Charles W. Henry, 
Dr. Edgar Holden, 
Dr. John Homans, 
Wm. Macpherson Hornor, 
Col. C. W. Hornor, 
Commander E. S. Houston, 

U. S. N., 



Col. Charles H. Howell, 
Commodore J. A. Howell, 

U. S. N., 
Col. Willis J. Hulings, 
Rev. Dr. Humphries, 
Capt. Alfred E. Hunt, 
Lieut. B. B. Hyer, U. S. A., 
Lieut. Heiberg, U. S. A., 
Lieut.A.M. Hunter, U.S.A.. 
Frederick J. Huntington, 
A. E. Hunt, 
John P. Hyatt. 

Wessel T. B. Imlay, 
Charles F. Iseminger, 
Charles Isham, 
Rev. Robert S. hes. 

William Benjamin Jackson, 
Charles Augustus Jackson, 
Charles Eben Jackson, 
Robert Shoemaker Jackson, 
Frederick W. Jackson, 
Capt. W. H. Jaques, 
Capt. C. W. S. Jones, 
Chaplain Jones, U. S. N., 
Dr. George Ben Johnson, 
J. W.Jordan. 

John L. Kinsey, 
Thomas T. Kinney, 
William H. Kirkpatrick, 
William R. Knight, 
Col, William A. Kreps. 

Wilson Gray Lamb, 
Col. James H. Lambert, 
Major William H. Lambert, 
Major J. M. Lancaster, 

U. S. A., 
William Moylan Lansdale, 
Hon. James W. Lattimer, 
Capt. Peter Leary, Jr., 

U. S. A., 
Major T. C. Lebo, U. S. A., 
Henr>' Sage Linn, 
J. B. Livingston, 
Commander Edwin Long- 

necker, U. S. N., 
Lieut. John A. Lundeen, 

U. S. A., 
Lieut.-Gov. Walter Lyon. 

Hon. William McAleer, 
John K. McCarthy, 
Hon. Henr>'J. McCarthy, 
Major C. A. H. McCauIey, 

U. S. A., 
Col. A. K. McCIure, 
James S. McCartney, 



Hon. Henr>' C. McCormick, 
Capt. E. H. McCollough, 
Dr.Francis BuckMcDowell, 
Paymaster M. C. McDonald, 

U. S. N., 
John J. McKenna, 
William L. McLean, 
Hon. James McManes, 
Allan McSherr>', 
Rich'd Meredith McSherry, 
Col, Clayton McMichael, 
Hon. Charles B.McMichael, 
Ensign A. A. McKethan, 

U. S. N., 
Col. Frank Magee, 
T. Henr>' Martin, 
George L. Markland, 
Hamilton Markley, 
Chief Engineer J. P. Mick- 
ley, U S. N., 
Henry Dusenberry Max- 
well, 
Rev. Robert A. Mayo, 
Charles H. Meyer, 
Col. Asher Miner, 
Capt. John C. Mitchell, 

U.S. R. C. S., 
Henry H. Muhlenburg, 
Capt. Samuel Eralen Meigs, 
James L. Miles, 
Hon. James T. Mitchell, 
Chief Eng. W. S. Moore, 

U. S. N., 
Jas. Mortimer Montgomery, 
Col. Edward Morrell. 

Col. John P. Nicholson, 
Lieut. A. C. Nissen, U. S. A., 
Major James P. W. Neill, 
Lieut. W.C.NevilIe,US.N., 
Col. George H. North. 

George Washington Olney, 
Gen. Samuel D. Oliphant, 
Henri Orlandi, 
Talbot Olyphant, 
William Case Osmun, 
Frederick M. Ott. 

Joseph H. Paist, 

J. Raymond Park, 

Pay Director R. Parks, 

U. S. N., 
Edward W. Patton, 
C. Stuart Patterson, 
William Houston Patterson, 
Washington J. Peale, 
Thomas D. Pearce, 
Thomas Arnold Peirce, 



UNVEILING OF TJIE WASHINGTON MONUMENT. 



71 



Major-Gen. Galusha Penny- 
packer, U. S. A., 

Hon. Samuel \V. Penny- 
packer, 

Hon. Boies Penrose, 

Dr. William Pepper, 

Samuel C. Perkins, 

Lieut. Thomas S. Phelps, 
U. S. N., 

Majorjohn Pitman, U.S. A., 

John Osgood Piatt, 

Major-Gen. J. W. Plume, 

James Pollock, 

Charles Hobby Pond, 

Hon. Charles A. Porter, 

Col. John Biddle Porter, 

William W. Porter, 

Lieut. E. Pratt, 

Charles Pugh. 

Col. Robert Ralston, 
Hon. John R. Read, 
Lieut. CD. Rhodes, U.S.A., 
Wm. McKnight Reckless, 
James Grant Reed, 
Col. Lewis W. Reed, 
Saunderson Reed, 
Gen. Frank Reeder, 
Max. Riebenack, 
Col. Ezra H. Ripple, 
Hon. Frank M. Riter, 
Joseph M. Rogers, 
Allen B.'Rorke, 
Capt. William S. Robinson, 
William J. Roney, 
Brig. -Gen. George D. Rug- 

gles, U. S. A., 
William C. Rucb, 
Capt. B. R. Russell, U. S. 

M. C, 
William C. Russell, 
Most Rev. P. J. Ryan. 

Capt. Jas. H. Sands, U.S.N., 

John Sartain, 

Gen. John W. Schall, 



Chief Eng. J. A. Scott, 

U. S. N., 
Dr. Thomas E. Sears, 
Jacob J. Seeds, 
David W. Sellers, 
Edwin Jaquett Sellers, 
Dr. E. Shippen, U. S. N., 
Dr. Alonzo Silvester, 
Hon. James Simons, 
Dr. Manning Simons, 
Charles Abercrombie Sims, 
Paymaster George W. Simp- 
son, U. S. N., 
William M. Singerly, 
David R. Smith, 
George Totten Smith, 
Pay Director J. A. Smith, 

U. S. N., 
Col. Norman M. Smith, 
Hon. Charles Emory Smith, 
Maj.-Gen. George R. Snow- 
den, 
Col. A. Loudon Snowden, 
Charles W. Sparhawk, 
Wm. Chetwood Spencer, 
Harris E. Sproat, 
Capt. Morris C. Stafford, 
Samuel McC. Stanton, 
Hon. James P. Sterrett, 
Capt. Andrew F. Stevens, 
Rev.C.Ellis Stevens,LL.D., 
Gen. Thomas J. Stewart, 
Dr. CharlesJ. Stille, 
Richard Wayne Stites, 
Gen. Robt. Newbury Stock- 
ton, 
John W. Stockwell, 
Hon, W. S. Stokley, 
Frederick D. Stone, 
Justus C. Strawbridge, 
Gen. Wm. Scudder Styrker, 
Hon. Edwm S. Stuart, 
Lieut. John T. Summerlin, 

U.S.A., 
Col. Samuel S. Sumner, 
U. S. A., 



George W. Sunderland, 
Hon. William L. Strong. 

Edward Wright Tapp, 
Capt. Henry Clay Taylor, 

U. S. N., 
Gen. Russell Thayer, 
Thomas M. Thompson, 
Hon. S. Gustine Thompson, 
Hon. Oswald Tilghman, 
Herbert Gray Torrey, 
Governor E. W. Tunnell, 
Dr. Chas. Peaslee Turner, 
Jas. Varnum Peter Turner. 

Hon. James M. Varnum, 
Major Midlein P. Veyerie. 

Gen. Louis Wagner, 
R. T. Wainwright, 
Capt. John M. Walton, 
Hon. John Wanamaker, 
Mayor Charles F.Warwick, 
Dr. Wm. Argyle Watson, 
Col. Perry M.Washabaugh, 
Major William Wayne, 
Henry Randall Webb, 
Rt. Rev. O. W. Whitaker, 
Col. John M. Whittemore, 

U. S. A., 
P. A. B. Widener, 
Grant Weidman, 
Col. Theo. E.Wiedersheim, 
Reynolds Webb Wilcox, 

M. D., 
Gen. John A. Wiley, 
Capt. O. E. Willey, U. S. 

R. C. S., 
Charles Sydney Winder, 
Hon. Robert M. Willson, 
Charles R. Wilson, 
Dr. W. Powell Willson, 
Hon.William M. Wiltbank, 
Daniel Winslow, 
John Edward Winslow, 
Capt. W. C. Wise, U. S. N. 

Hon. James Rankin Young. 




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MUNICIPAL DEMONSTRATION. 



MUNICIPAL DEMONSTRATION. 

Under the auspices of a committee of Councils of 
Philadelphia an illuminated bicycle parade, which was 
reviewed by city officials in front of the monument, 
was given in the evening. It took the form of a pop- 
ular demonstration. More than ten thousand wheel- 
men were in line, with William W. Matos acting as 
chief marshal. 

The order of formation of the parade follows : — 

First Division— City Clubs. Capt. George A. Bilyeu, Marshal. 

First Section.-— I. Frankford Bicycle Club; 2. Pennsylvania Bicycle 
Club; 3. Century Wheelmen. 

Second Section. — i. South End Wheelmen; 2. Wissahickon Wheel- 
men; 3. Columbia Cyclers. 

Third Section.— 1. Quaker City Wheelmen; 2. Time Wheelmen; 
3. Philadelphia Turner Cyclers; 4. Fairhill Wheelmen. 

Fourth Section. — i. Wizbet Wheelmen; 2. Penn Wheelmen; 3. C. T. A. 
Wheelmen; 4. Francisville Indians; 5. Waseca Wheelmen; 6. Pilot 
Wheelmen; 7. Tioga Wheelmen; 8. Diamond Wheelmen. 

Fifth Section. — i. Ferncliff Wheelmen; 2. Castle Wheelmen; 3. Ken- 
ilworth Wheelmen; 4. Caledonian Wheelmen. 

Si.x:th Section.— 1. Broad Street Station Wheelmen; 2. Schuylkill 
Navy Wheelmen; 3. Clover Wheelmen; 4. Liberty Wheelmen; 5. Penn 
Treaty Wheelmen; 6. Glenwood Wheelmen; 7. Racycle Wheelmen. 

Seventh Section. — i. Owl Wheelmen; 2. Rambler Wheelmen. 

Eighth Section. — i. Keystone Wheelmen; 2. Waverly Wheelmen; 
3. Puritan Wheelmen. 

Ninth Section. — I. Twentieth Century Wheelmen; 2. Northeast Wheel- 
men; 3. Northwest Wheelmen; 4. Young Men's Business League 
Wheelmen. 

Tenth Section.— I. Chippewa Bicycle Club; 2. League Cycling Club; 
3. Washington Square Wheelmen; 4. St. Stephen's Wheelmen. 

Eleventh Section. — i. Fayette Wheelmen; 2. Memphis Bicycle Club; 

3. Brotherhood Wheelmen; 4. Alcyon Wheelmen; 5. Mason Cyclers; 
6. Rheingold Wheelmen. 

Twelfth Section.— I. Central Y. M. C. A.; 2. West Philadelphia 
Y. M. C. A.; 3. Pennsylvania Railroad Y. M. C. A.; 4. Premier Cycling 
Club; 5. Norwood Wheelmen; 6. V/est Hope Association; 7. Athlete 
Wheelmen; 8. Silver Star Wheelmen; 9. Stetson Wheelmen; 10. La- 
fayette Wheelmen; 11. Aquinas Wheelmen; 12. Progressive Wheel- 
men. 

Second Division— Out of Town Clubs. Harold G. Gibson, Marshal. 

First Section. — I. Allen Wheelmen, of Allentown; 2. Chester Bicycle 
Club, of Chester, Pa.; 3. Norwood Wheelmen, of Norwood, Pa.; 

4. Lansdowne Bicycle Club, of Lansdowne, Pa.; 5. Lawndale Wheel- 
men, of Lawndale, Pa. 

(75) 



76 UNVEILING OF THE WASHINGTON MONUMENT. 

Second Section. — i. Century Wheelmen, of Camden; 2. Crescent 
Wheelmen, of Camden; 3. Emerson Wheelmen, of Camden; 4. Stock- 
ton Wheelmen, of Camden. 

Third Section. — i. Camden Bicycle Club; 2. Stylus Wheelmen, of 
Camden; 3. Egypt Club, of Camden. 

Third Division— Military Cyclers. Capt. H. D. Turner, Marshal. 

First Section. — i. Second Regiment, N. G. P., Cycle Corps; 2. Wash- 
ington Grays, First Regiment, N. G. P., Cycle Corps. 

Second Section. — i. Third Regiment, N. G. P., Cycle Corps. 

Third Section. — i. Battery A, N. G. P., Cycle Corps; 2. Gatling Gun 
Company B, N. G. N. J., Cycle Corps. 

Fourth Section. — Bethany Boys' Battalion Cycling Corps; 2. Temple 
Guard Cycling Corps; 3. Baptist Boys' Brigade Cycling Corps. 

Fourth Division— Cycling Organizations. H. A. Dantzebecher, 

Marshal. 

First Section.— I. Post Office Wheelmen. 

Second Section. — i. American Travelers' Wheelmen; 2. National Mc- 
Kinley and Hobart Wheelmen. 

Fifth Division — Schools. W. Gray Jones, Marshal. 

First Section. — i. Central High School Wheelmen; 2. Northeast 
Manual Training School Wheelmen; 3. Central Manual Training 
School. 

Sixth Division— Business Men's League. Jacob Weil, Marshal. 

First Section. — Company A, William Mann Company; Company B, 
Gimbel Brothers; Company C, N. Snellenburg & Co.; Company D, 
Partridge & Richardson; Company E, Sharpless Brothers; Company 
F, Lit Brothers; Company G, Phil. J. Walsh establishment. 

Second Section. — Company H, Philadelphia Inquirer; Company I, 
Joel J. Baily & Co.; Company J, Jacob Reed's Sons; Company K, 
Ab. Kirschbaum & Co.; Company L, M. Haber & Co.; Company M, 
M. Rosenblatt & Co.; Company N, Neverout Lamp Company; Com- 
pany O, Electric Storage Battery Company; Company P, Charles E. 
Hires Company; Company Q, Crow & Sons. 

Third Section. — Company R, William H. Grevemeyer & Co.; Com- 
pany S, Chicago Merchandise Company; Company T, Ketterlinus 
Lithographic Manufacturing Company; Company U, Arctic Refrig- 
erator Company; Company V, William Traflord Company; Company 
W, William H. Horstmann & Co.; Company X, Harrison Bros. & 
Co.; Company Y, Philadelphia Bourse; Company Z, Adams Express 
Company. 

Seventh Division — Unattached Wheelmen. R. David Porter, 

Marshal. 

This Division consisted of five sections; the first section was re- 
served for ladies. 




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ACTION BY THE STATE AUTHORITIES. 



ACTION BY THE STATE AUTHORITIES. 

The General Assembly of the Commonwealth of 
Pennsylvania adopted a joint resolution, approved by 
the Governor, April 29th, 1 897, which read : — 

Whereas, The Society of the Cincinnati of the State of Pennsylvania 
will unveil a monument to General George Washington, the unfaltering 
Patriot of the Revolution and the first President of the United States, 
on the fifteenth day of May, A. D. 1897 ; 

And Whereas, This celebration will take the character of a national 
event, it being understood that the President of the United States, the 
Cabinet, the Governors of the adjacent States, and the Municipal author- 
ities of the large cities will join in this celebration ; therefore be it 

Resolved, That the Legislature of Pennsylvania attend the celebration 
in a body, and that a committee of three from the House and two from 
the Senate be appointed to make the necessary arrangements for the 



Pursuant to this resolution, a committee was ap- 
pointed which arranged for a visit to Philadelphia by 
both branches of the General Assembly and other 
State officials on the occasion of the unveiling of 
the monument. 

The General Assembly also adopted resolutions re- 
questing the Governor of the Commonwealth to pro- 
claim the day of the unveiling of the monument a 
public holiday, and in accordance with this action the 
following proclamation was issued. 



(79) 



80 UNVEILING OF THE WASHINGTON MONUMENT. 



In the Name and by Authority of the Commonwealth 
OF Pennsylvania. 



EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT. 
PR O CLAM A TION. 

Whereas, The Pennsylvania Society of the Cincinnati have erected 
in the City of Philadelphia an equestrian statue of George Washington, 
the first President-General of the Societj' ; 

And Whereas, The said statue will be unveiled with appropriate 
ceremonies upon the fifteenth day of May, Anno Domini one thou- 
sand eight hundred and ninety-seven ; 

And Whereas, The General Assembly of the Commonwealth adopted 
a concurrent resolution approved this day, requesting the Governor of 
the Commonwealth to declare and proclaim the fifteenth day of May, 
one thousand eight hundred and ninetj--seven, to be a public holiday and 
to request the citizens of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania to obser\^e 
the same as such, and also providing that existing laws relating to legal 
holidays and the maturing of commercial paper shall in nowise be 
affected by said resolution or this proclamation. 

Nozv Therefore, I, Daniel H. Hastings, Governor of tlie Common- 
wealth of Pennsylvania, do hereby proclaim Saturday, May 15th, A. D. 
1897, to be a public holiday, in pursuance of the foregoing resolution, 
and I invite the citizens of Pennsylvania and the officials of all the 
municipalities and other subdivisions of the State Government to make 
the occasion worthy of the Commonwealth and of the memory of him 
in whose honor the monument will be dedicated. I recommend and 
request the people of Pennsylvania to view the said statue upon the day 
of its dedication and to participate in the commemorative exercises, 
and I especially invite the people of other States, formerly citizens of 
Pennsylvania or kindred with our people, to join with the residents of 
our Commonwealth in this celebration, and I invoke the interest and 
hearty co-operation of all who honor the memory of George Washington. 

Given under my hand and the Great Seal of the State, at the city of 
Harrisburg, this fifth day of May, in the year of our Lord one thousand 
eight hundred and ninety-seven and of the Commonwealth the one 
hundred and twenty-first. 

(GjKitSeaiofN DANIEL H HASTINGS. 

^ the State. } 

By the Governor. 

Frank Reeder, 

Secretaty of tfie CotnmonweaUh. 







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"OUR FRENCH ALLIES." 



"OUR FRENCH ALLIES." 

A feature of the ceremonies was the interest in the occasion mani- 
fested by representatives of the French Government. On behalf of the 
State Society of the Cincinnati of Pennsylvania, William Macpherson 
Homor, Secretary of the Committee on the unveiling of the monument, 
went to Paris with a formal expression of the Society's keen apprecia- 
tion of the services of the French in- the establishment of our Republic 
and conveying to M. Jules Faure, the President of the French Republic, 
an invitation to be present at the unveiling of the monument. Mr. Hor- 
nor also bore a commission from his Honor, Mayor Charles F. Warwick, 
extending most cordial greetings from the municipality of Philadelphia 
to the French nation and expressing the hope that the invitation of the 
State Society of the Cincinnati would be accepted by President Faure. 
The representative of the Society of the Cincinnati was graciously re- 
ceived, and while the requirements of his official duties made it impos- 
sible for him to accept the invitation personally. President Faure com- 
missioned the Ambassador of his Government at Washington, D. C, 
M. Patenotre, to reply in his name, which he did, in a cordial letter 
written in French to the Chairman of the Committee on the unveiling, 
of which the following is a translation :— 

, Embassy of the French Republic 

IN THE United States. 

Washington, May nth, 1897. 

Sir :— The President of the French Republic directs me to send to the Society of the 
Cincinnati the expression of his gratitude for the very Icind invitation which it has been 
good enough to send him for the occasion of the dedication of the monument, which it 
proposes to present in a few days to the city of Philadelphia. M. Faure could not help 
being sensible of the sentiments of international cordiality which inspired you in asso- 
ciating him with the celebration of that patriotic event. 

I am happy to thank you for it in his name and to transmit to your Society the assur- 
ances of his sympathies. 

Please accept the assurances of my most distinguished consideration. 

PATENOTRE. 
To Mr. John Biddle Porter, 

1529 Spruce Street, Philadelphia. 

The dispatching of the French aviso "Fulton" to Philadelphia to 
participate in the ceremonies, the presence at the unveiling of the mon- 
ument of Ambassador Patenotre, and his responding to a toast at the 
dinner of the Society of the Cincinnati, and the formal recognition of 
the occasion by the local French society were noteworthy evidences of 
interest in the event. 



(83) 



TRUSTEES 

OF THE 

WASHINGTON MONUMENT FUND 
AND MEMBERS 

OF THE 

STATE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI 
OF PENNSYLVANIA. 



TRUSTEES OF THE WASHINGTON MONUMENT 

FUND. 

The following members of the State Society of the 
Cincinnati of Pennsylvania have served as members 
of the Committee of the Washington Monument, 
afterwards called Trustees of the Washington Monu- 

o 

ment Fund : — 

David Lenox, Richard Peters, William Jackson, Charles 
BiDDLE, and Horace Binney, July 4th, 1810, "appointed a commit- 
tee for the above purposes." 

Rev. Dr. William Rogers, July 4th, 1S23, substituted a member 
of the committee in place of Charles Biddle, Esq., deceased. 

Alexander W. Johnston, July 4th, 1S25, appointed a member of 
the committee in place of the Rev. Dr. William Rogers, deceased. 

Callender Irvine, July 4th, 1828, appointed a trustee of the 
Washington Monument Fund in place of David Lenox, deceased. 

John Steele and Isaac Wayne, July 4th, 1S29, appointed trustees 
to fill vacancies. 

John R. Latimer, July 4th, 1S42, trustee in place of Callender Ir\'ine, 
deceased. 

Thomas Robinson, July 4th, 1853, elected trustee in place of Isaac 
Wayne, deceased. 

John H. Markland and James Schott, July 4th, 1S54, elected 
trustees in place of John Steele and Thomas Robinson, deceased. 

Thojias McEuen and Robert Adams, July 4th, 1S61, elected 
trustees in place of Alexander W. Johnston and John H. Markland, 
deceased. 

William A. Irvine, July 4th, 1S65, elected trustee in place of John 
R. Latimer, deceased. 

Harris L. Sproat and William G. Caldwell, November 29th, 
1870, elected trustees in place of Horace Binney, resigned, and James 
Schott, deceased. 

Richard Dale, July 4th, 1S72, elected trustee in place of Harris L. 
Sproat, deceased. 

George W. Harris and William Wayne, July 4th, 1873, elected 
trustees in place of William G. Caldwell and Thomas McEuen, de- 
ceased. 

Grant Weidman, February 6th, 1884, elected trustee in place of 
George W. Harris, deceased. 

Francis M. Caldwell, July 4th, 1S84, elected trustee in place of 
Robert Adams, resigned. 

Charles P. Turner, M. D., February 22d, 1887, elected trustee in 
place of William A. Irvine, deceased. 

Harris E. Sproat, November loth, 1895, elected trustee in place 
of Grant Weidman, deceased. 

(S7) 



88 



UNVEILING OF THE WASHINGTON MONUMENT. 



MEMBERS OF THE SOCIETY. 

The list of members of the State Society of the 
Cincinnati of Pennsylvania on the date of the unveil- 
ing of the monument : — 



Peleg Hall, 

William Wayne, 
James Glentworth, 
Major-Gen. Wm. B. Franklin, 
George L. Markland, 
Frank P. Muhlenberg, 
Robert Coltman, M. D., 
Richard Dale, 
Capt. William S. Robinson, 
Richard Somers Hayes, 
Charles P. Turner, M. D., 
Francis M. Caldwell, 
Benjamin Bartholomew, 
Tilghman Johnston, 
Charles B. Alexander, 
William Mifflin, 
Edmund H. McCullough, 
Harris E. Sproat, 
David R. Smith, 
Francis Buck McDowell, M.D., 
First Lieut. Wm. A. Nichols, 
John Biddle Porter, 
Charles Nicholson, 
W. P. Magaw, 
William W. Bruner, 
James C. Barclay, 



Henr Baeder Wood, 
William Johnson Binney, 
William Macpherson Hornor, 
William W. Porter, 
Henry Williams Biddle, 
Charles J. Pugh, 
William Benjamin Jackson, 
Lawrence Lewis Butler, 
Samuel McCoskey Stanton, 
John Morton Davis, 
Sanderson Reed, 
Thomas Mitchell, 
Isaac Craig, 

Edward Nicoll Dickerson, 
J. B. Livingston, 
Robert Shoemaker Jackson, 
George Totten Smith, 
Walter Stewart Church, 
Robert Adams, Jr., 
Henry Sage Linn, 
Washington J. Peale, 
Reading Beatty, 
William H. Egle, M. D., 
William H. St. Clair, M. D., 
William M. Shaffner, 
Grant Weidman. 



Honorary Members. 



Gen. Benjamin Harrison, 
Brevet Major-Gen. Galusha 

Pennypacker, U. S. a.. 
Dr. Charles E. Cadwalader, 
Charles J. Stille, LL. D., 



Hon. James T. Mitchell, 
Dr. Alonzo H. Sylvester, 
His Excellency William Mc- 

KlNLEY. 



COMMITTEES 



ARRANGEMENTS. 



COMMITTEES OF ARRANGEMENTS. 

The arrangements for the ceremonies attendant 

f* upon the unveiling of the monument were made by a 

y committee of the State Society of the Cincinnati of 

i^ Pennsylvania, composed of Col. John Biddle Porter, 

Chairman ; William Macpherson Hornor, Secretary; 

*^ Harris E. Sproat, Treasurer ; and Major William 

Wayne, Richard Dale, Esq., Francis Marinus Cald- 

(^ well, Esq., Charles Peaslee Turner, M. D., William 

T\ W. Porter, Esq., and Major-General Galusha Penny- 

S packer. 

A joint special committee of Select and Common 
Councils was appointed to " make suitable arrange- 
ments for the City of Philadelphia to participate in 
the ceremonies incident to the unveiling of the Wash- 
ington Monument." This committee consisted of: — 
Henry Clay, Esq., Chairman, Franklin M. Harris, 
Esq., George W. Sunderland, Esq., William McMul- 
len, Esq., Edward W. Patton, Esq., Col. William W. 
Allen, David S. B. Chew, Esq., Jacob J. Seeds, Esq., 
William R. Knight, Jr., Esq., Charles F. Iseminger, 
Esq., and James L. Miles and Wencel Hartman, Pres- 
idents of Select and Common Councils, respectively, 
with Joseph H. Paist, Secretary ; James Franklin, 
Sergeant at Arms ; and Harold Godfrey, Stenog- 
rapher. 

A committee of the citizens of Philadelphia was ap- 
pointed by Mayor Charles F. Warwick to co-operate 
with the municipal authorities in arranging for a suit- 
able observance of the occasion on the part of the 
City. The committee organized by the election of 
Mayor Warwick Chairman, and Col. Theodore E. 

(9O 



92 



UNVEILING OF THE WASHINGTON MONUMENT. 



Wiedersheim Secretary, and an executive committee 
w^as formed w^ith Col. R. Dale Benson, Chairman, and 
George J. Brennan, Secretary. C. Stuart Patterson, 
Esq., was elected Chairman of a sub-committee which 
was delegated to go to Washington, representing the 
citizens of Philadelphia, to urge the President and 
other distinguished guests to accept the invitation of 
the State Society of the Cincinnati to be present. 

The membership of the citizens' committee included 
the following : — 



Watson Ambruster, Esq., 
Col. R. Dale Benson, 
James M. Beck, Esq., 
Rudolph Blankenburg, Esq., 
Col. Wendell P. Bowman, 
Major Thurber T. Brazer, 
John Cadwalader, Esq., 
Edwin S. Cramp, Esq., 
L. Clark Davis, Esq., 
Col. Robert S. Davis, 
Thomas Dolan, Esq., 
William L. Elkins, Esq., 
John H. Fow, Esq., 
Howard B. French, Esq., 
Joseph E. Gillingham, Esq., 
Col. J. Lewis Good, 
Simon Gratz, Esq., 
Major H. C. Groome, 
George S. Graham, Esq., 
Charles C. Harrison, Esq., 
Col. Charles H. Howell, 
Joseph S. Harris, Esq., 
John L. Kinsey, Esq., 
Major William H. Lambert, 
Henry J. McCarthy, Esq., 
Col. Alexander K. McClure, 
William L. McLean, Esq., 
James McManes, Esq., 
Col. Clayton McMichael, 



Col. Edward Morrell, 
Richard G. Oellers, Esq., 
C. Stuart Patterson, Esq., 
Dr. William Pepper, 
James Pollock, Esq., 
Charles A. Porter, Esq., 
Col. John Biddle Porter, 
Col. Robert Ralston, 
John R. Read, Esq., 
Max Riebenack, Esq., 
Frank M. Riter, Esq., 
William J. Roney, Esq., 
John Sartain, Esq., 
William M. Singerly, Esq., 
Charles Emory Smith, Esq., 
Col. A. Loudon Snowden, 
Edwin S. Stuart, Esq., 
Capt. Andrew F. Stevens, 
Justus C. Strawbridge, Esq., 
Sam'l Gustine Thompson, Esq., 
Thomas M. Thompson, Esq., 
Frank Thomson, Esq., 
Gen. Louis Wagner, 
John Wanamaker, Esq., 
Capt. John M. Walton, 
Barclay H. Warburton, Esq., 
P. A. B. Widener, Esq., 
Col. Theo. E. Wiedersheim. 



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